The study was conducted in Sunwal Municipality, Ramgram Municipality, Pahalinandan Rural municipality, and Sarahwal Rural Municipality of Nawalparasi (west) district of Nepal in order to evaluate the adoption rate of improved wheat production technology. A total of 85 households were selected using the simple random sampling method. The collected data were processed, tabulated, and analyzed by using SPSS and Ms-Excel. Mean and standard deviation was to interpret descriptive data. A probit regression model was used to analyze the effect of different independent variables on the decision to adopt improved wheat production technology. Indexing was used to construct an index for ranking the problems faced by the farmers during the production process. From the study, it was found that the adopter of the recommended variety was 82.4%. The adopter of the recommended seed rate was 50.6%. Similarly, the adopter of the recommended method of sowing was 8.2% and the irrigation rate was 44.7%. The adopter of the recommended weeding practices was 43.5%, disease control was 3.5% and insect-pest control was 43.5%. The characteristics of respondents, i.e., education, farm size, farmers group membership, and training had a significant association with the adoption of improved wheat production technology. The empirical results of the probit regression model revealed that education, family size, farm size, farmers’ group membership, and training had a significant and positive association with the adoption of improved wheat production technologies. Wheat production was greatly constrained by lack of agricultural machines, lack of proper irrigation, poor availability of fertilizers, disease and insect-pest prevalence, and lack of quality improved seeds.
The study was conducted from January to June 2020. This study aims at carrying out the value chain analysis of tomato subsector in Palpa district. The specific objectives of the study were identifying the actors involved in value chain of tomato, finding out benefit cost ratio, marketing margin, producer share and value share of value chain actors, preparing value chain map of tomatoes and identifying the key strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats at different nodes of tomato value chain. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources. Primary data was collected by household interview, KII and secondary data was collected through published journals, research articles, reports of PMAMP, AKC and other government organizations. Data analysis was done using SPSS, Ms-Excel, and Stata statistical software. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, benefit cost ratio, Cobb-Douglas production function, correlation analysis and value chain mapping. The opportunities and challenges in tomato value chain was achieved using strength, weakness, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis. From the study it was found that economically active population was 60.9% and majority of tomato growers (69.2%) has agriculture as their primary occupation. The average farm size was 0.7 ha and average area for tomato farming was 0.1 ha. The average productivity of tomato of sampled household was 29Mt/ha under open field condition. The average cost of tomato production was NRs. 18.2/kg. The gross margin and net margin per ha were NRs. 394474.4 and NRs. 362014.2 respectively. Benefit cost ratio was 1.67. Market margin was NRs. 25/kg with producer’s share 54.55% in the mostly used value chain. Similarly, market margin of local value chain was NRs. 15/kg with producer’s share 70% in the local value chain. The result identified that the major actors involved in the value chain were input suppliers, collector/cooperatives, wholesalers, retailers and consumers. The disease/insect infestation was major problem in production while low farm-gate price was major problem in marketing in the study area. The research showed that tomato farming is an important agribusiness in the research area.
Survey research was conducted in Nawalparasi (B.S.W) district to assess farmers’ perception on climate change and the impact of climate change in wheat production. The survey was conducted in four municipalities (rural municipality). A total of 83 respondents were involved in this study. The primary data were collected through survey questionnaire, direct observation, focus group discussion, whereas secondary data on wheat area, production and productivity from different sources were also collected. The majority of the respondents (90.4%) perceived about climate change while 9.4% respondents were not aware about climate change. Furthermore, out of the respondents mentioning changes in temperature, rainfall duration, rainfall amount, dew and winter monsoon around 95.2%, 91.9%, 92.4%, 94% and 90.3% of them opinionated that there were changes in wheat production because of these factors respectively. Moreover, t-test and probit model analysis showed that there was great impact of climate change in wheat production and impact is increasing yearly in Nawalparsi(B.S.W) district. So, Government and policymakers should focus on climate resilient adaptation strategies formulation for crop cultivation through intensive research and extension packages. Adoption of technology to reduce the impact of climate change should be encouraged to gain optimum wheat production.
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