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Este estudo investigou as metas de socialização da emoção de 40 mães de crianças, com idade entre 1 e 35 meses, residentes num município do interior do estado do Pará. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos para a coleta de dados: Formulário de Identificação dos Participantes (FIP), Formulário de Dados Sociodemográficos (FDSD) e Questionário de Metas de Socialização da Emoção (QMSE). Empregou-se a análise temática categorial para o tratamento dos dados do questionário. As frequências de respostas dos participantes para cada categoria e os dados sociodemográficos foram analisados de maneira descritiva. Constatou-se que a maioria das mães mencionou metas relacionadas à automaximização (47,7%) e à emotividade (19,3%). Além disso, a maior parte destas ressaltou a preocupação de exercer um papel ativo no desenvolvimento emocional dos filhos (44,7%), contribuindo diretamente para que a criança adquira características emocionais desejadas a partir do aconselhamento e exemplos diários (69,7%). Tais resultados sugerem que as mães, no meio rural, permanecem na companhia da criança durante um longo período de sua rotina diária, por isso, tendem a transmitir com mais intensidade certas emoções (felicidade, amabilidade e afetividade ao próximo), além de auxiliar na compreensão das experiências emocionais vivenciadas na infância. Nessa lógica, constata-se que as etnoteorias parentais prototípicas do contexto rural influenciam as mães na definição das metas de socialização da emoção, e, por esta razão, sugere-se novos estudos que possam captar suas permanências e mudanças.

Background:In Brazil, cats in households has recently increased dramatically, likely due to their lower space and care requirements. We need to know the health of these companion animal species, since they have behavioral patterns that make them an important link in the epidemiological chain. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase producer strains (ESBL) are resistant to penicillin, cephalosporin and monobactam, but they are susceptible to clavulanate. The goal of this study is to detect Enterobacteriaceae that produce extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and evaluate the bacterial resistance profile in isolated cats (Felis silvestris catus) that live in a city located at west of Parana state, Brazil. Materials, Methods & Results:Swabs were aseptically collected from the anal orifice and oral cavity of 49 female domestic cats that were healthy upon clinical and physical examination, a minimum age of one year, weighing up to 3 kg, and had attended a veterinary clinic specializing in cats, in order to, later, perform the isolation and bacterial identification, antimicrobial sensibility phenotypic test and the phenotypic test to detect ESBL producer strains. From the 98 swabs collected it was possible to perform the bacterial isolation in 68 samples; 40.81% isolated from anal orifice and 28.57% isolated from oral cavity. From rectal and oral cavities 77.50% and 71.42% of the isolated were identified as Escherichia coli respectively, being 2.94% considered ESBL producer strains. In relation to bacterial resistance the antibiotics that shown more resistance in anal orifice were ampicillin, amoxicillin, nalidixic acid, sulfazotrim, tetracycline and aztreonam. In oral cavity they were ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefoxitin, amoxicillin + clavulanate, aztreonam, ceftriaxone and nalidixic acid; and the bacterial resistance index shown that 39.70% were considered high level risk. Discussion: Household cats have a very important role in society, since the benefits they provide to their owners are clear, however, it is worth pointing out that these animals also pose risks to human health, caused by the transmission of zoonoses and also the possibility of transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes between bacteria of animal and human origin, as well as between bacteria of the normal microbiota and pathogenic microorganisms of diferents origins. Therefore, it is important to understand the health of these companion animal species, because they exhibit behavioral patterns that make them an important link in the epidemiological chain of potentially infectious microorganisms, which may show antimicrobial resistance. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase producer strains (ESBL) are resistant to penicillin, cephalosporin and monobactam, but they are susceptible to clavulanate. These enzymes hydrolyze the beta-lactam ring of the antibiotic structure, inactivating them. Nowadays bacterial resistance is considered to be one of the greatest problems in public health worldwide, as infections and diseases outbraks are caused by multiresistant bacter...

The purpose of this descriptive-correlational study was to investigate possible associations between maternal socialization goals and prosocial behavior (spontaneous helping) among children living in a rural context. This study involved 39 dyads of mothers, aged 17 to 48 years (M = 24.28 years, SD = 5.97), and their children, with a mean age of 24 months. The data collection included a Sociocultural Sociodemographic Characterization Questionnaire (SSCQ), a Socialization Goals Questionnaire (SGQ), and a Spontaneous Prosocial Behavior Task (SPBT). Most importantly, we found that the maternal socialization goal to "Learning to support others" exhibited a significant correlation (r = 0.40, p < 0.05) with the helping task performed by the children. This finding sustains the hypothesis that maternal goals, which emphasize the importance of their children in learning to help others, are correlated with an increased frequency of prosocial behavior in young children, around their second birthday.

Prosocial behavior refers to actions directed to the welfare of the others and it is influenced by physical and social aspects of the environment. This study objected to investigate chiefly the occurrences of care behavior among institutionalized children. Four boys and one girl took part in this study, with ages between four and six years old, who were observed in the yard of the school. A total of ten sessions of twenty-five-minute were recorded for each focal subject, summing 250 minutes of recordings. At total, 26 behavioral events which denoted care with the others were identified and organized into the following categories: Helping, Care-taking playing, Establishing affectionate contact, and Entertaining. The results indicate that while participants are at the school yard, the most demonstrated behavior subcategory involves cooperation attitudes (Helping subcategory). The data also show that male focal subjects who were older than five years old and were at school for less than 15 months would emit more care behaviors. Concerning receivers, it was found that the girls who were studying at school, younger children and the ones who had less time in the institution received more prosocial behavior. It is expected that the results of this study may contribute to future researches while investigating prosocial behavior in educational settings, especially when they involve special populations, such as children who live in shelter institutions. Similarly, studies like this can encourage the development of (pedagogic-political and other) projects in institutions for children in order to stimulate prosocial behavior among peers. Current studies about the patterns of interaction in environments for the children (e.g., Barnett, Burns, Sanborn, Bartel, & Wilds, 2004;Carrus, Fornara, & Bonnes, 2005;Carvalho, 2000;Fernandes, 2006;Sager, Sperb, Roazzi, & Martins, 2003;Sebanc, 2003;Wolff & Fesseha, 1999) show that the social behavior of children is influenced by physical characteristics of the environment (dimension, structure and space setting) as well as social characteristics (characteristics of the subjects that attend such space). Therefore, interactions and behaviors of children have been studied, taking into consideration the influence of aspects related to the context in which these children interact with adults and groups of peers in the daily life activities.Environmental Psychology among other areas that value the influence of the institutional and family environment on the children's behavior presents today several perspectives of analysis (Carrus et al., 2005). Among them, there is the investigation centered on the understanding of the ecological context that regulates social behaviors, in an attempt to show how the physical and social characteristics of the environment have influence on the relationship between people and vice-versa. In other words, the human interactions that take place on their ecological environment may contribute for the development of the child and its peers, a perspective share...

Introduction: Multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, particularly those resistant to gentamicin, have become one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections. Objective: We sought to investigate the presence of genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, specially to gentamicin, in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli multidrug-resistant strains isolated from different clinical materials among patients hospitalized in a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Materials and methods:Ten colonization strains and 20 infection strains were evaluated during three decades (1980 to 2010) using selective media containing 8 µg/ml of gentamicin. Thirty strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Twenty two strains were subjected to plasmid DNA extraction and 12 to hybridization assays using as probe a 1.9 kb plasmid DNA fragment from one of the K. pneumoniae strains isolated from faecal samples. This fragment was sequenced and assigned to the GQ422439 GenBank record. PCR was also performed using oligonucleotides designed for aminoglycosidemodifying enzymes. Results: An accC2 acetylase, besides transposons and insertion sequences, were evidenced. Twentyfour (80%) of the isolates were positive for the aacC2 gene in agreement with antibiotic susceptibility testing profiles, indicating the persistent presence of this gene throughout the three decades. We detected high molecular weight plasmids in 54,5% of the strains. Of the tested strains, 91% showed positive signal in the hybridization assays. Conclusion: A gene codifying for one specific aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme was detected all throughout the three decades. Our data back the adoption of preventive measures, such as a more conscious use of antimicrobial agents in hospital environments, which can contribute to control the dissemination of microorganisms harboring resistance gene plasmids.

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O escalpelamento, é um acidente que ocorre pela ausência de proteção adequada nos motores de embarcações. O contato acidental dos cabelos longos e soltos com o motor de embarcações fluviais, resulta no arrancamento total ou parcial do couro cabeludo. As mulheres amazônidas, culturalmente, preferem os cabelos longos e soltos, o que pode facilitar a ocorrência do escalpelamento. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar a experiência de discentes do curso de psicologia de uma instituição privada da cidade de Belém, a partir da realização de uma roda de conversa com mulheres ribeirinhas vítimas de escalpelamento. A atividade, foi realizada em uma organização não governamental (ONG) do município de Belém, a qual acolhe  mulheres vítimas de escalpelamento e contou com a participação de 8 mulheres.  Através da roda de conversa, verificou-se que o principal trauma causado pelo acidente foi na aparência física, já a principal estratégia para lidar com tal evento foi o suporte familiar dado a estas mulheres. Deste modo, percebe-se, o quanto a atividade realizada contribuiu para que as participantes se sentissem acolhidas pela equipe. Além disso, foi nítido ver como a amizade e a troca de experiências entre elas é fundamental para lidarem com as consequências do escalpelamento.