Fusarium oxysporum kolhapuriensis, a novel endophytic fungi isolated from Nothapodytes nimmoniana Mabb. Grahm, was found to produce camptothecine (CPT) using whey as a complex medium. The highest production of CPT was attained using statistical methods Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to optimize the complex medium and culture conditions for maximum production of CPT by the fungus. The optimized medium that yielded 283 AE 0.27 mg l À1 of CPT contained 70% (v/v) of acid whey and 2% (w/v) malt extract. The other two culture parameters optimized through RSM were temperature (30 C) and period of incubation (6 days). The production of CPT was confirmed by analytical techniques such as HPTLC, HPLC and LC-HRMS. This cost effective optimized medium using RSM might be useful for large scale CPT production which will ultimately reduce the further downstream processing cost.
The potential of an endophytic fungus Fusarium oxysporum (NCIM 1383) to produce the anti-cancer prodrug 'camptothecine (CPT)' by solid state fermentation (SSF) of agro-industrial by-products was investigated. Amongst the various substrates used under optimized SSF conditions, soybean meal was found to be the most efficient medium for optimum production of CPT by the fungus. The effect of the addition of different complex protein sources to the soybean meal substrate on productivity by the fungus was also studied. The CPT production was found to be increased by 46.87% after supplementation of "whey concentrate powder" as a complex protein source to the soybean meal. The optimized SSF conditions were used to develop a bench-scale, up flow bioreactor to check its applicability for continuous CPT production which could yield up to 128 mg l À1 CPT after 48 h of incubation. Whey, when used as a source of moisture in SSF, also was found to play a vital role in enhancing the CPT yield. Environmental parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total soluble solids (TSS) and total protein content of whey effluent after fermentation were found to be reduced significantly highlighting the environmental applications of the process developed. The SSF methodology applied in the present study allows bioutilization of cheaper substrates; soybean meal and whey, by the endophytic fungus for production of valuable anti-cancer pro drug CPT.
Nocardiopsis sp. KNU was found to degrade various lignocellulosic waste materials, namely, sorghum husk, sugarcane tops and leaves, wheat straw, and rice husk very efficiently. The strain was found to produce high amounts of cellulase and hemicellulase. Augmentation of cotton seed cake as an organic nitrogen source revealed inductions in activities of endoglucanase, glucoamylase, and xylanase up to 70.03, 447.89, and 275.10 U/ml, respectively. Nonionic surfactant Tween-80 addition was found to enhance the activity of endoglucanase enzyme. Cellulase produced by Nocardiopsis sp. KNU utilizing sorghum husk as a substrate was found to retain its stability in various surfactants up to 90%. The produced enzyme was further tested for saccharification of mild alkali pretreated rice husk. The changes in morphology and functional group were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Enzymatic saccharification confirmed the hydrolytic potential of crude cellulase. The hydrolysate products were analyzed by high-performance thin layer chromatography.
Generation of secondary sludge is a major concern of textile dye removal by coagulation process. Combinatorial coagulation-biodegradation treatment system has been found efficient in degradation of coagulated textile dye sludge. Moringa oleifera seed powder (700 mg L) was able to coagulate textile dyestuff from real textile wastewater with 98 % color removal. Novel consortium-BBA was found to decolorize coagulated dye sludge. Parameters that significantly affect coagulation process were optimized using response surface methodology. The bench-scale stirred tank reactor (50-L capacity) designed with optimized parameters for coagulation process could efficiently remove 98, 89, 78, and 67 % of American Dye Manufacturer's Institute (ADMI) in four repetitive cycles, respectively. Solid-state fermentation composting reactor designed to treat coagulated dye sludge showed 96 % removal of dye within 10 days. Coagulation of dyes from textile wastewater and degradation of coagulated dye sludge were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Cell morphology assay, comet assay, and phytotoxicity confirmed the formation of less toxic products after coagulation and degradation mechanism.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.