Carbon‐Carbon bond forming reactions using Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling (SMC) technology to construct aryl‐aryl, aryl‐heteroaryl or heteroaryl‐heteroaryl linkages continues to play a vital role in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, material science and manufacturing fields. The importance of Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling which is also reflected in their use in industrial applications, warrants the development of highly efficient catalytic systems that allows the cross‐coupling of economically attractive heteroaryl chlorides. Conversely, the low reactivity of heteroaryl chlorides followed by problems associated with multi‐heteroatom systems amplifies the difficulties involved in SMC procedures. This review focuses on the developments made in the palladium mediated SMC of chloro heterocycles using various palladium/Ligand combinations and highlights the significant improvements achieved by the use of Buchwald's palladium precatalysts.
In this paper, we report the use of (hetero) aryl potassiumorganotrifluoroborate salts as versatile nucleophilic organoboron reagents in the Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction of an electron rich 6‐chloro 3‐methyl uracil in water under microwave irradiation. A comparative study of the cross‐coupling reaction of this chloro uracil analogue with different nucleophilic organoboron source revealed the superior reactivity of (hetero) aryl potassiumorganotrifluoroborates in water under microwave irradiation. Diversely functionalised (hetero) aryl uracil bases, which are known possess a wide range of applications in chemical biology, were efficiently synthesized using this optimised protocol.
The facile transformation of aryl/heteroaryl nonaflates into corresponding amides via Pd-catalyzed aminocarbonylation using Mo(CO)6 as a solid CO source under microwave-enhanced condition is reported. The method was found to be tolerant with respect to a diverse range of electronically biased aryl/heteroaryl nonaflates, and exceptional yields were obtained. The optimized protocol was further extended to a diverse range of amines.
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