Objectives This study aimed at assessing the nutritional status among the elderly population and factors associated with malnutrition in the community setting in rural Nepal. Results Out of 339 participants, 24.8% (95% CI 20.21–29.30) fell into the normal nutritional status range; 49.6% (95% CI 44.29–54.91) were at risk for malnutrition while 24.8% (95% CI 20.21–29.30) were in the malnourished range, based on Mini Nutritional Assessment scores. Our findings revealed that belonging to a Dalit community, being unemployed, having experience of any form of mistreatment, lack of physical exercise, experiencing problems with concentration in past 30 days and taking medication for more than one co-morbidity was significantly associated with the malnutrition status of the elderly.

BackgroundElder mistreatment is a well-recognized public health issue with complex underlying factors. The current study hypothesized that there is no effect of any of the following factors on any type of elder mistreatment: ethnicity, age group, education status, gender, living arrangement, concentration problems, medication for any disease, income level of caregiver, use of alcohol and tobacco products, and dependence on family or caregivers for daily activities.Materials and methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 339 elders adults aged 60 or above residing in a rural part of eastern Nepal between August and November 2016. Multi-stage cluster sampling was adopted to select the study subjects. Information was collected using semi-structured questionnaires administered to elderly people by a designated interviewer. Factors associated with elder mistreatment were analyzed using logistic regression.ResultsOur findings revealed that 61.7% of 60+-year-olds experienced some form of mistreatment (physical 2.4%, psychological 22.4%, caregiver neglect 57.5%, financial 12.1% and stranger-inflicted 8.3%). Elder mistreatment was associated with the following characteristics of elders: dependent on family for daily living activities, illiterate, experiencing concentration problems, residing in a living arrangement with their son(s)/daughter(s)-in-law, taking regular medications, belonging to the Dalit community according to the Hindu traditional caste system, and residing with a caregiver having a monthly family income of less than NRs. 20,000 (193USD).ConclusionsOur data show that elder mistreatment is prevalent in a rural community of Nepal. Addressing the lower socio-economic or socio-cultural classes of caregivers and elders via community-focused development programs might have significant implications for improving the well-being of elders.

Introduction: There has been a considerable increase in the numbers of older people in the world population of both developed and developing countries. The increasing elderly populations are prone to depression. Studies regarding depression among elderly, especially in old age homes is lesser in the developing countries.

This article has been written on the issues of teachers' perception of the Letter Grading System (LGS) and its challenges in the context of Vyas Municipality of Tanahun along the current academic years of 2020. Its purpose is to explore the teachers' perception of LGS and identify how to face the major challenges of it. This study is based on phenomenological design and preferred to social constructivism on the concern of postmodernism. I employ purposeful sampling methods and use a tool of a semi-structured interview protocol for data collection. Basically, the teachers' experience is found about the LGS that is positively relevant, applicable, enthusiastic, and appropriate for challenging the education system in Nepal. However, students and their parents' perceptions are being simply ensuing liberal promotion policy with an upgrade to their child without any obstructions. Thus, there is a gap between the practices of the evaluation procedure and the perception of teachers about the LGS for getting betterment of students 'output. As I explore, the LGS has measured the student's competency and cognitive domain on the basis of nine progressive scales in regard to their providing performance opportunity. At last but not least, through the opinion of experience teacher, I conclude that LGS has, however, biased less, accountable, fruitful, and merit-based measuring tools of evaluation in the field of education without incorporated non-standardized tests in school evaluation at present. If possible, to incorporate non-testing devices as assignment, LGS has far better in evaluation procedure in school evaluation system in modern times.

Introduction: Unintentional injury is the biggest threat to the survival of the under-five children, which impact is immeasurable to families and often entire communities. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of unintentional injuries among under-five children and the factors associated with it.Material and Methods: A facility-based quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2016 to January 2017. Multistage time frame convenient sampling method was applied to collect the data from 259 mothers of under-five children in the selected district of Mid-Western Development region of Nepal. The data was collected from 10 rural health facilities and two from urban setting using a semi-structured questionnaire. An analysis was performed using SPSS ver.15.Results: The prevalence of unintentional injuries was found to be 33.20 % among the under-five children. The present study showed that ecological belt, the age of mothers, education of mothers, education of fathers, the occupation of mothers, the occupation of fathers, family income quintiles, household type, numbers of a sibling, age and gender of children were significant factors associated with unintentional injuries among under-five children. More than 70% of the respondents were not aware of how to provide first aid care to the children with respect to unintentional injury.Conclusion: This study highlights the burden of unintentional injuries among under-five children in mid-western development region of Nepal. Intervention targeting multifactorial issues in line with all type of fall injuries, burns and injuries with the use of sharp objects might be helpful to tackle the problems.