ObjectiveThe relationship between sleep problems and walking speed has been less explored. The present cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between sleep quality and sleep duration and gait speed in Chinese adults.MethodsA total of 13,367 participants were recruited in this cross-sectional study, retrieving the data from the Global Aging and Adult Health Survey (SAGE). Gait speed was measured using the 4-m walking test. Age, sex, education years, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, chronic disease, sleep problems were self-reported by participants. To explore the association between sleep problems and gait speed, multivariate linear regression models were employed.ResultsIn the adjusted model, poor sleep quality and longer sleep duration were significantly associated with slower normal walking speed in Chinese adults (p < 0.001). Moreover, there were negatively significant associations between normal gait speed and sleep quality in male adults (p < 0.01).ConclusionThe findings suggest that slower normal walking speed was associated with poor sleep quality and longer sleep duration (>8 h) in Chinese male adults.
This article, aiming at the reality of the appearance of optional governance structure between the supervision of the supervisory board and that of the board of independent directors, firstly applies the model to analyze the efficiency of this oversight pattern, and then on the basis of relative data, analyzes the status quo of internal supervision system implementation. The research shows, although there is still some doubt about whether the board of independent directors could brandish its role after being introduced into Japanese corporate governance environment, primarily it could be affirmative that this kind of introduction is efficient. Moreover, from its future trend, although internal overseeing mode of Japanese corporation could realize optimal choice by developing the superior and weeding out the inferior between the board of supervisors system and the board of independent directors system, which are sure to be co-existing and play a very important role for the time being, and the revelation from which is that no matter how to choose governance system, as a general rule to be obeyed, it should reflect definite policy direction and make spontaneity and self-organization to dominate. However, What kind of governance system to be chosen by the enterprises should be decided by China listed companies themselves during their trial and error process, while the supervising idea that monitoring departments should believe in is “invisible hands”.
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