Abstract. This paper compares six model checkers (Alloy, cadp, fdr2, NuSMV, ProB, Spin) for the validation of information system specifications. The same case study (a library system) is specified using each model checker. Fifteen properties of various types are checked using temporal logics (CTL and LTL), first-order logic and failure-divergence (fdr2). Three characteristics are evaluated: ease of specifying information system i) behavior, ii) properties, and iii) the number of IS entity instances that can be checked. The paper then identifies the most suitable features required to validate information systems using a model checker.
This paper describes an adaptation of statecharts to take advantage of process algebra operators like those found in CSP and eb 3 . The resulting notation is called algebraic state transition diagrams (ASTDs). The process algebra operators considered include sequence, iteration, parallel composition, and quantified synchronization. Quantification is one of the salient features of ASTDs, because it provides a powerful mechanism to precisely and explicitly define cardinalities in a dynamic model. The formal semantics of ASTDs is expressed using the operational style typically used in process algebras. The target application domain is the specification and implementation of information systems.
This paper compares two formal methods, B and eb 3 , for specifying information systems. These two methods are chosen as examples of the state-based paradigm and the event-based paradigm, respectively. The paper considers four viewpoints: functional behavior expression, validation, verification, and evolution. Issues in expressing event ordering constraints, data integrity constraints, and modularity are thereby considered. A simple case study is used to illustrate the comparison, namely, a library management system. Two equivalent specifications are presented using each method. The paper concludes that B and eb 3 are complementary. The former is better at expressing complex ordering and static data integrity constraints, whereas the latter provides a simpler, modular, explicit representation of dynamic constraints that are closer to the user's point of view, while providing loosely coupled definitions of data attributes. The generality of these results from the state-based paradigm and the event-based paradigm perspective are discussed.
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