Anchored retaining walls are restraining walls constructed using anchors to achieve the highest stiffness possible within economic considerations. Anchor length estimation has an important role in the study of the stability of anchored retaining walls. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anchor length using different proposed failure models and Kranz's classic model. In addition, several parametric studies were conducted to find reliable results in the stability analysis of retaining anchored walls with the aim of obtaining stable and shorter anchor lengths. A numerical study was carried out using Geo4 and Plaxis 8.6 software on the same standard profile as analytically studied so as to validate the proposed mechanical models. The failure models proposed in this work are shown to be a useful tool for obtaining stable and shorter anchor lengths for anchored retaining walls.
The work presented in this paper aims to study the durability of mortars, in which part of the sand has been replaced with rubber aggregates from used tires and have undergone a surface treatment with a sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH). The substitution rates studied are 10%, 17.5%, and 25%. The results are compared with ordinary mortar and mortars with untreated rubber aggregates while samples with the same substitution rates were used. To do this, the following properties have been studied: compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, water absorption by capillarity, water absorption by total immersion, water-accessible porosity, water permeability, and resistance to the chemical degradation by sulfuric acid H2SO4. The results obtained show that the treatment of rubber aggregates by the solution method (NaOH) presented a considerable improvement in mechanical performance (increase in compressive strength and flexural tensile strength) and better durability compared to reference mortar and mortar with untreated rubber granulate.
In the geotechnical engineering field, shallow foundations are frequently needed to ensure good fieldwork stability. They are also intended to permanently and uniformly transmit all load pressure on the seating floor. However, numerous mechanical constraints, such as bearing capacity of foundations, durability, stability, design of shallow foundations, lead, unfortunately, to a serious realization challenge. Finding an adequate solution presents the main goal and effort of both scholars and professionals. Indeed, the corresponding drawback is observed through the high number of reported damages that occurred in the structure of foundations and the punching failure. The failure mechanisms of shallow foundations, verified in full size or on scale models, show “sliding surfaces” and rigid (solid) blocks, which can be described with the kinematic method of rigid solids. The main objective of this study is the application of the kinematic method of rigid solids in the study of the stability of shallow foundations with respect to punching, the purpose of which is to determine the bearing capacity factors Nc, N γ, and the passive earth pressure coefficient Kp of foundations. In this context, two mechanical models have been proposed with 5 and 7 rigid solids, and a program developed via the MathCAD environment is applied to check the validity of the two previous models. The kinematic method of rigid solids gives results very close and comparable with that of Caquot/Kerisel for the factors of the bearing capacity and passive earth pressure coefficient - the ratio Kp - according to the five- and seven-solid model.
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