Introduction: This study was aimed at determining the effects of a 12-week aerobic exercise
program on markers of hypertension in men.
Methods: The study was of a semi-experimental design featuring repeated measurements. A total
of 40 men (age range=37.9 ± 2.68) with primary hypertension were divided into two groups,
namely, the exercise group (n=20) and the control group (n=20) (systolic blood pressure [SBP]:
140.531 ± 0.23, diastolic blood pressure [DBP]: 90.71 ± 0.05). The exercise group participated in
a 12-week aerobic exercise program (55% to 70% of HRmax). Blood samples were taken from
both groups at the baseline and at the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks of the training program for the
assessment of adiponectin, paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), and hydrogen peroxide (H2
O2
) levels as the
markers for investigation. A linear mixed model was also used to evaluate the association among
the markers.
Results: In the exercise group, exercise reduced the SBP and DBP at week 12 (P=0.031 and 0.023, respectively), and adiponectin increased at weeks 8 and 12 (P=0.014 and 0.001, respectively). The plasma PON-1 level showed a significant increase in all the three stages of measurement (P=0.007, 0.004, and 0.002 at weeks 4, 8, and 12, respectively), whereas the H2 O2 levels showed a significant decrease at weeks 8 and 12 (P=0.013 and 0.011, respectively). The control group exhibited significantly decreased PON-1 (P=0.003) and adiponectin (P=0.025) levels but significantly increased SBP at week 12 (P=0.032).
Conclusion: The exercise-induced reduction of oxidative stress exerts a considerable effect on the reduction of blood pressure in hypertensive patients. According to our results increase in oxidative stress has the great impact on the of blood pressure.
BackgroundEnergy production is a necessary process to continue physical activities, and exercise is associated with more oxygen consumption and increase of oxidative stress. what seems important is the numerical relationship between antioxidant and free radicals. Although the activity of some enzymes increases with physical activities, but it is possible that gene expression of this enzyme is not changed during exercise.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study is to investigate the antioxidant enzymes gene expression and changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels in men and women affected by a session of incremental exercise and to carefully and numerically assess the relationship between MDA changes and gene expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes.Materials and Methods12 active men and 12 active women (21 - 24 years old) participated voluntarily in this study. Peripheral blood samples were taken from the subjects in three phases, before and after graduated exercise test (GXT) and 3 hours later (recovery).ResultsThe gene expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) enzyme increased significantly in women in the recovery phase (P < 0.05). Catalase gene expression significantly increased in men in both phases (immediately & recovery) (P < 0.05). But the changes in active women were only significant immediately after the exercise. TAC levels increased significantly in men in the recovery phase and in active women immediately after the exercise (P < 0.05). MDA activity also increased significantly in men in both phases (P < 0.05). However, in women the increase was significant only in the recovery phase (P < 0.05). There was a reverse relationship between changes in MnSOD and copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD) levels and MDA in men (P < 0.05). In active women there was also a significant relationship between changes in MDA and gene expression of Cu/ZnSOD and TAC (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe increase in free radicals during incremental exercises challenges gene expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes. However, despite the negative effects of free radicals, in women, activity and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes respond appropriately to free radicals.
These results suggest that moderate intensity exercise promotes the leukocyte expression of gene markers that may affect blood pressure by improving cardiovascular fitness levels in middle-aged men.
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