This study examines the influence of demand response control strategies on thermal conditions, indoor air CO2 concentration, heating energy cost and consumption in an educational office building heated by district heating system in a cold climate. The real-time pricing-based demand response is applied for space heating, heating of ventilation and adjustment of air flow rates. The ventilation analysis covers both constant and variable air volumes systems. The applied demand response algorithms regulate room air temperature set points for space heating, temperature set point for supply air and CO2 set point adjusted with the variable air volume ventilation system. The accepted room air temperature range was 20-24.5°C and CO2 concentration within 800-1200 ppm. This study was conducted with the validated dynamic building simulation tool IDA ICE. The results illustrate that the maximum yearly savings by demand response of space heating and ventilation with the constant air volume ventilation system are around 3 and 6% for the heating energy consumption and heating energy cost, respectively. For the variable air volume system, the heating energy consumption, heating energy cost, electricity consumption and electricity cost can be saved by demand response control up to 8, 11, 9 and 2%, respectively.
Residents’ willingness to use green energy products is a major concern for different stakeholders and policymakers due to the reformed Chinese electricity market since 2015. This study focused on the Chinese consumer’s willingness to opt and pay for environmentally-friendly electricity sources in Shanghai’s residential sector. A questionnaire survey was used to find out the influence of gender, age, education, awareness and income level on consumers’ attitudes to alter their energy sources to green ones. The results indicated that income level and awareness are significant barriers in the usage of green energy products. Increasing the respondent’s awareness about the issues of non-green energy products convinced 97% of them to change their electricity sources completely or partly, in line with their monthly income. This clearly shows that clarifying the benefits of green energy products is a key tool to achieve a green environment in China.
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