Background: The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is a widely used instrument to measure postnatal depression. This study aimed to translate and to test the reliability and validity of the EPDS in Iran.

Background: Caesarean section might increase the incidence of surgical interventions and problems resulting from hospitalization and thus affecting quality of life in women after delivery. This study aimed to compare quality of life in women after normal delivery and caesarean section.

Introduction: Quality of life is individuals' perception of their status in life in the context of the culture and value systems they live in. Pregnancy has a great impact on mothers and their quality of life. Prenatal classes provide mothers with information about pregnancy, labor process and newborn care. Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of prenatal classes on the quality of life of pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study recruited 100 pregnant women in Amini Hospital of Langeroud, Iran. Mothers were divided into intervention group, who received education (n = 50), and control group who received only routine prenatal care (n = 50).Prenatal classes were held in 8 sessions. The quality of life of pregnant women was assessed before and after the intervention. Data was collected by a demographic questionnaire and a Quality of Life Short Form Survey (SF-36) which was completed by women before and after the intervention. After entering into the computer, the statistical data were analyzed using chi-square test and independent and paired t tests. Results: The results of comparing the means of quality of life domains in the intervention group showed that mental health (P=0.40), vitality (P=0.11), and emotional role functioning (P=0.87) had higher health scores in the intervention group compared to before the intervention, although the difference was not statistically significant and only physical functioning had a significant difference (P=0.001). However, the comparison of the mean and standard deviation of quality of life domains before and after classes in the control group indicated lower scores for all domains after the intervention. Differences were significant in terms of physical functioning (P=0.007), physical role functioning (P=0.011), emotional role functioning (P=0.039), and pain (P=0.002). Conclusion:The study showed that women who received prenatal education had better scores and mental health. Therefore, prenatal educations are necessary to improve health and quality of life of mothers.

Background Dysmenorrhea is the most common health problem among women of reproductive age. The aim of the present study was to investigate the modifying role of water intake in menstrual distress and severity of pain among young female adolescents. Method A semi-experimental study was conducted on a sample of undergraduate female students aged 18–30 years in Isfahan, Iran from 2016 to 2019. Volunteers who had history of suffering from primary dysmenorrhea and drank less than 1600 ml water per day were assigned into water intake (n = 70) and control (n = 70) groups. Participants could select the group in which they desired to be considered. The water intake group was asked to drink water regularly based on a protocol for two menstrual periods while the control group did not receive any form of intervention. Demographic information and menstrual characteristics and severity of menstrual pain (based on a visual analogue scale), were obtained using a short questionnaire. The data were compared between and within two groups before and after intervention using chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U test, and the Friedman’s analysis of variance. Results The mean age (SD) of participants was 22.0 (2.7) years and 77 students reported normal duration of menstrual bleeding. The number of students who had normal duration of menstrual bleeding (4–6 days) in water intake group increased after intervention (39 vs. 49 after first and 46 after second cycles of menstruation). However, the interval of menstrual cycle did not change significantly in either groups. Considerable decrease in using pain killer was observed in water intake group (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between control and water intake groups before intervention in pain intensity (pain mean score 7.64 vs. 7.06), but within group comparison showed that pain intensity was significantly decreased among water intake group (p < 0.0001) while for control group only a significant decrease was observed for the first day of menstrual bleeding. Conclusion The findings suggest that water intake might have modifying role in reducing menstrual bleeding duration, pain killer utilization, and pain intensity during menstrual period. Trial registration IRCT20180708040377N1, 16 April 2020, Retrospectively registered, at https://www.irct.ir/trial/32446

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