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Objectives Altitude integrates changes in environmental conditions that determine shifts in vegetation, including temperature, precipitation, solar radiation and edaphogenetic processes. In turn, vegetation alters soil biophysical properties through litter input, root growth, microbial and macrofaunal interactions. The belowground traits of plant communities modify soil processes in different ways, but it is not known how root traits influence soil biota at the community level. We collected data to investigate how elevation affects belowground community traits and soil microbial and faunal communities. This dataset comprises data from a temperate climate in France and a twin study was performed in a tropical zone in Mexico. Data description The paper describes soil physical and chemical properties, climatic variables, plant community composition and species abundance, plant community traits, soil microbial functional diversity and macrofaunal abundance and diversity. Data are provided for six elevations (1400–2400 m) ranging from montane forest to alpine prairie. We focused on soil biophysical properties beneath three dominant plant species that structure local vegetation. These data are useful for understanding how shifts in vegetation communities affect belowground processes, such as water infiltration, soil aggregation and carbon storage. Data will also help researchers understand how plant communities adjust to a changing climate/environment.

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SUMMARYThe provision and regulation of water flows in catchments is probably the most important ecosystem service of cloud forests; however, its hydrological behavior and impacts associated with forest conversion remain very poorly understood. The present study aimed at evaluating the hydrological effects of land use change for a cloud forest region on volcanic soils in Veracruz, Mexico. For this, micrometeorological, ecophysiological and hydrological measurements combined with stable isotope data were used. The findings showed higher annual water yields in pasture, as well as young and mature Pinus patula pine plantations due to lower evapotranspiration rates as compared to mature and secondary cloud forests. Total annual and seasonal flows were found very similar in both cloud forests, suggesting catchment hydrological functioning can be restored within 20 years of natural regeneration. Conversely, the pasture catchment showed higher annual streamflow (10 %), however 50 % on average lower baseflow at the end of the dry season, associated probably with more gentle slopes in combination with lower soil infiltration capacity. Further, it was shown that the conversion of cloud forest to pasture can promote major increases in overland flow in response to maximum rainfall events, despite the high permeability of the volcanic soils characterizing this environment. The ultimate effect of P. patula reforestation at catchment scale is still unknown, though higher rainfall infiltration rates, compared to pasture, suggest a soil hydrological recovery in the short to medium term.Key words: land use change, evapotranspiration, streamflow, hydrograph separation, stable isotopes. RESUMENLa provisión y regulación de flujos de agua en cuencas es probablemente el servicio ecosistémico más importante de los bosques de niebla, sin embargo, su funcionamiento hidrológico y cómo éste es alterado por el cambio en el uso de suelo es aún muy poco entendido. Este estudio evaluó los efectos hidrológicos causados por la conversión del bosque mesófilo de montaña sobre suelo volcánico a otros tipos de vegetación en Veracruz, México. Para ello, se realizaron mediciones micrometeorológicas, ecofisiológicas e hidrológicas combinadas con información isotópica. Los resultados mostraron mayores rendimientos hídricos anuales en el pastizal y plantaciones de Pinus patula joven y maduro debido a menores tasas de evapotranspiración comparados con el bosque maduro y secundario. El caudal total anual y estacional fue similar en los bosques, sugiriendo que con 20 años de regeneración natural es posible restaurar la funcionalidad hidrológica de microcuencas. En contraste, la microcuenca de pastizal reportó un mayor caudal anual (10 %), pero flujos 50 % en promedio más bajos al final de la época de estiaje, asociado probablemente a una topografía más suave y una menor capacidad de infiltración. Aún en sustratos volcánicos altamente permeables, se observó que la conversión de bosque a pastizal puede conducir a incrementos importantes en los flujos superfici...

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