Recovery from exercise-induced fatigue is crucial for subsequent performance. Self-myofascial release (SMR) using a foam roller is an alternative to active recovery (AR). This study aims to compare the effects of passive recovery (PR), AR, and SMR on blood lactate [La-] removal and total quality of recovery (TQR). Twenty-two well trained male athletes (age: 22.6±2.9 years) underwent three testing sessions conducted 72 hours apart but at the same time of each day in a randomized order. After determining resting [La-] and heart rate (HR), the subjects completed a Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT), triggering muscular fatigue. HR and [La-] were measured threeminutes after the WAnT, following which the subjects underwent one of the three different recovery interventions over 15 minutes: PR (lying supine), AR (cycling at 40% of the estimated maximum HR of the respective subject), and SMR (using foam roller on lower extremity muscles). After each recovery intervention, [La-], HR, and TQR were measured. There was no statistically significant difference in [La-] and HR values obtained before the WAnT test (p=0.368, p=0.691, respectively) and right after the WAnT test (0.264, p=0.629) Both AR and SMR were more effective than PR for [La-] removal and obtaining a higher TQR (p<0.001). However, SMR and AR were not superior to one another for blood [La-] removal (p>0.05). In contrast, a significantly higher TQR was observed with SMR than AR and PR (p<0.001). Athletes can apply AR or SMR to recover from strenuous exercise. SMR can be an alternative to PR and AR as a recovery tool.
Purpose: Electromyostimulation is a popular training to increase muscle strength during the last years. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of electromyostimulation training on jumping and muscle strength in football players. Material: Volunteered 23 football players between the ages of 18 to 24 were divided into experimental and control groups with simple random sampling. Both groups continued to regular training. Experimental group had additional electromyostimulation training for 6-week, 3-time a week, and 20min a day. Pre- and post-training squat and countermovement jumps, peak torques of dominant and non-dominant knee extensor and flexor muscles were tested. Angular velocities of isokinetic dynamometer were 60, 180, and 300ºs-1. Pre- and post-test comparisons within the groups were analyzed. Results: There were no significant differences between pre- and post-test for isokinetic knee strength parameters at all angular velocities of EG. However, control group had significant pre- and post-test differences in dominant and non-dominant knee extension and flexion peak torque values. Conclusions: EMS and regular training in-season had no effect on the isokinetic strength parameters. On the other hand, the regular training in-season has increased isokinetic strength. Electromyostimulation training additional to regular training may have detrimental effects on outcomes of concurrent training in football players.
This research aimed to examine the validity and reliability of GPS units located in different positions. Nine recreational soccer players (age: 23.18 ± 2.21 years; height: 176 ± 7.65 cm; and body mass: 71.13 ± 4.67 kg) participated voluntarily in the current study. Athletes were tested through the team sports simulation cycle (TSSC) protocol. This protocol consisted of a total of 1200 m. Each lap consisted of a distance of 150 m, and the athletes were asked to perform eight laps. Two GPS units (OptimEye S5; Catapult Innovations, Scoresby, Victoria) were used for each athlete during the TSSC protocol. The first unit was positioned in the scapula location, and the other GPS unit was positioned in the center of mass (COM) location, and simultaneous data were recorded. A paired-samples t-test was used to determine the difference between the meter values measured in the field and the devices. The main finding of this research was that the player load parameters, which are derived from the accelerometer in GPS units, changes with the player’s position (total player load scapula − total player Load COM p≤ 0.001, Cohen’ d−2.449). There was no statistical difference between the other parameters (total distance covered, max velocity, deceleration max and acceleration max) examined in the study. CV% and SWC values showing the reliability of total distance covered scapula (CV% = 1.41; SWC = 0.28), total distance covered COM (CV% = 3.64; SWC = 0.73), total player load scapula (CV% = 2.29; SWC = 0.46), total player load COM (CV% = 1.83; SWC = 0.37), deceleration max scapula (CV% = 3.51; SWC = 0.70), deceleration max COM (CV% = 2.78; SWC = 0.56), Acceleration max scapula (CV% = 3.85; SWC = 0.77), and acceleration max COM (CV% = 2.74; SWC = 0.55) were within acceptable limits (CV% 5). The reliability of GPS units in different locations was investigated by CV% SWC analysis. It was found that all values in the scapula and COM locations were measured validly and reliably, but the total player load measurements were statistically different in the scapula and COM.
The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of vibration applications on muscle strength and balance. As the subjects to the research, nineteen male sport science students (age: 21.45±2.16 years, height: 177.55±7.24 cm, body mass: 71.62±11.02 kg) voluntarily participated in the study. The students were exposed to vibration in squat exercise position before they were exposed to vibration at 25Hz, 50Hz frequency and control (no-vibration) on three different application days. Before and after the vibration exposure, jump tests and balance tests were administered right after the 5th, 10th and 15th min in the wake of the vibration. A statistically significant difference was found in active and squat jump heights administered following the 25Hz and 50 Hz frequency applications (p≤0.05). No significant differences were found in the jump heights in control group (p>0.05). While there was no significant difference found in balance tests performed after 25Hz and 50Hz vibration applications (p>0.05), a significant difference was found after the control application (p≤0.05). As a result, there was an increase in jump heights following the acute vibration application however, no change was seen in balance scores. Practicing acute vibration applications can be recommended to increase jump height especially before the competitions and applications.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of adapted recreational therapy program on gait patterns of children with autism. The current study included twenty-one autistic boys aged between 8 and 15 years. The scores of the children with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) according to the "Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-2-Turkish Version" (autism level) ranged between 62 and 123. The gait analyses of the participants were evaluated with the results of total distance, average velocity, average horizontal force and average vertical force before and after recreational therapy program. The recreational therapy program was performed throughout 12 weeks, two sessions per a week and one hour per session as the one-to-one training format. The program covered several gross motor skills such as balance, toys ball, jump, jogging to increase cardiorespiratory endurance, and several branches of the basic sports skills such as basketball, badminton, and soccer. Pearson Correlation analysis was performed in order to determine the correlation between autism level and gait parameters. A negatively significant correlation was found between autism level and average velocity (r=-.553**, p<0.05), and also autism level and distance (r=-.551**, p<0.05). Paired Sample t test was applied in order to determine if there was a change between the pre-test and post-test results of gait pattern tests. At the end of the study when pre and post test evaluation results were compared significant differences were not found in gait analysis patterns (p<0.05) Recreational therapy program, which is more long term and more number of weekly sessions, should be scheduled for children and adolescents with ASD.
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