A model of photoemission from cesium antimonide ͑Cs 3 Sb͒ that does not rely on adjustable parameters is proposed and compared to the experimental data of Spicer ͓Phys. Rev. 112, 114 ͑1958͔͒ and Taft and Philipp ͓Phys. Rev. 115, 1583 ͑1959͔͒. It relies on the following components for the evaluation of all relevant parameters: ͑i͒ a multidimensional evaluation of the escape probability from a step-function surface barrier, ͑ii͒ scattering rates determined using a recently developed alpha-semiconductor model, and ͑iii͒ evaluation of the complex refractive index using a harmonic oscillator model for the evaluation of reflectivity and extinction coefficient.
Research reveals t h a t 80% of the average person's waking hours are spent comnunicating i n one form o r another. ' However, because of our media enriched society, the average person's a t t e n t i o n span i s o n l y seven minutes. Another astounding s t a t i s t i c shows t h a t i n the f i r s t four minutes of a presentation, the speaker i s e i t h e r received or r e j e c t e d by the audience.2 Therefore, the question i s , how can we optimize our communication s k i l l s t o keep our audiences' a t t e n t i o n and maximize t h e i r r e t e n t i o n . GETTING READY --A n e f f e c t i v e presentation begins where the audience i s and concludes where the speaker wants them t o be. I n other words, f i r s t begin by knowing how you want your audience t o respond and then step back and analyze what you can do t o lead them through your presentation t o e l i c i t t h a t response. Ask yourself the f o l l o w i n g questions: Why i s my audience w i l l i n g t o come t o my presentation? How much do they already know about my subject matter? What w i l l t h e i r a n t i c i p a t e d a t t i t u d e be toward my subject? What do they hope t o gain from what I have t o t e l l them? Have they come t o be introduced t o a new concept? Have they come t o f i n d a s o l u t i o n t o an o l d prob 1 em? The approach t o each of these questions i s q u i t e d i f f e r e n t and must be c a r e f u l l y considered. Once you have analyzed your audience and the answers t o these questions, you are ready t o begin the preparation o f your presentation. determined 168 PREPARING YOUR SCRIPT A f t e r you are s a t i s f i e d t h a t you have I n order t o e f f e c t i v e l y comnunicate your theme, every thought must be f u l l y w r i t t e n i n t o a s c r i p t format. read from a prepared t e x t , one must be w r i t t e n i n order t o determine length, timing, v i s u a l sequence, and coherency. While some speakers would r a t h e r not The average speaker w i l l cover 250 words i n about two minutes. Therefore a twenty minute presentation w i l l consist of about 2,500 words not counting time f o r questions and answers. This can also be t r a n s l a t e d i n t o 7-10 double spaced t ped pages or about 30 -4IlX6" typed index cards. 5 When w r i t i n g your s c r i p t , be yourself, w r i t e i n the s t y l e i n which you speak and make i t sound conversational. Spoken language i s less formal than w r i t t e n and i t should be simpler i n structure. comfortable with and avoid p o s s i b l e tongue t w i s t e r s . Use words and phrases t h a t you are IEEE points. A f t e r you have done t h i s , advance your conclusion by r e s t a t i n g your theme using new language, not j u s t a mechanical rehash. The Last p a r t o f your s c r i p t preparation i s the introduction. Because your s c r i p t may change and evolve many times before you are s a t i s f i e d w i t h i t , leave t h i s f o r l a s t . Remember though, you have j u s t four minutes t o grab t h e audi...
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