<p>The tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>) is part of the food basket of Mexicans and is the most consumed vegetable worldwide. Mexico is one of the main producer and exporter countries, the main market to export is the United States of America. The pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) seriously affected the economy and consequently the production and distribution of basic foods, including tomatoes. This work summarizes the experiences derived from the production, detection and phytosanitary management of <em>Clavibacter</em> <em>michiganensis</em> subsp. <em>michiganensis</em> during the July–December 2020 season in a tomato crop under macro tunnel located in Copándaro, Michoacán, Mexico. Agriculture, as an essential economic activity in the production of basic foods, must remain active as it is an unconfined productive process, with a low risk of contagion, and it’s a necessary activity for the economic support of agricultural workers.</p>
Xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-inhabiting phytopathogenic bacterium that affects diverse agriculturally relevant crops. In Mexico, X. fastidiosa has been reported in the states of Baja California, Coahuila, and Querétaro. In order to determine the genetic diversity of this bacterium in Mexico, 408 grapevine samples were collected from the main producing states in México. For X. fastidiosa identification, real-time PCR and three-loci end-point PCR were employed. The genotyping of the subspecies was carried out using multilocus sequence typing and analysis, based on seven housekeeping genes: leuA, petC, malF, cysG, holC, nuoL, and gltT. The resulting sequences were compared with those present in extant databases. The presence of X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa in the states of Baja California (sequence type 1), Coahuila (sequence type 1), and Querétaro was confirmed. The isolates from northern Mexico bear high similarity to grapevine isolates from the United States. However, the isolates from Querétaro showed significant differences with currently known sequences, showing that there is genetic variability among the X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa populations from grapevines in northern and central Mexico.
<p>La papa (<em>Solanum tuberosum</em> L.) es uno de los cultivos de mayor consumo humano a nivel mundial. El cultivo es amenazado desde sus inicios por distintos organismos; algunos de ellos ocasionan daños superficiales en los tubérculos, que reducen la calidad y apariencia lo que provoca el rechazo por el consumidor. De un total de 34 muestras de tubérculos de papa destinados para consumo humano, obtenidas mediante muestreo visual dirigido, en la Central de Abastos de Ecatepec, se identificaron a los microorganismos asociados a algún daño físico o alteración superficial; además, de manchas atípicas en la superficie de tubérculos. Del total de las muestras en el 50% se identificaron a las bacterias <em>Enterobacter aerogenes</em>, <em>Pseudomonas fluorescens</em> y <em>Streptomyces</em> sp. En el 41% se identificaron a hongos y protozoarios como <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>, <em>F. solani</em>, <em>F. verticillioides</em>, <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em>, <em>Alternaria</em> sp., <em>Colletotrichum</em> sp., <em>Clonostachys</em> sp., <em>Geotrichum</em> sp., y <em>Spongospora subterranea</em> f. sp. <em>subterranea</em>. Del 9% de las muestras restantes no se identificó ningún organismo relacionado al daño.</p>
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