This study used a sociological career trajectory model to examine the career patterns of 200 male and female NCAA Division I, II, and III athletic directors. A normative career pattern derived from the literature on athletic directors was posited to compare the histories of incumbent NCAA athletic directors (ADs). The actual career experiences of ADs challenged the norm of the posited five-position sequence that begins with collegiate athlete; progresses through high school coach, collegiate coach, and associate or assistant director; and culminates with athletic director. Competing as a collegiate athlete and coaching at the college level were the two most frequent experiences underpinning the AD position. Differences from the posited norms were most likely to be associated with directors of NCAA Division II and III institutions and with women.
This paper is the first in a series reporting a study of the effects of neurosis on the patient's marriage and marital partner, in which we repeated and extended observations made in a previous inquiry (Kreitman, 1964) and tested certain hypotheses arising from these data.
One of the many possible ways of obtaining information about the marital relationship is by observing the marital partners together, a procedure being increasingly used in clinical practice. Little is established, however, for either clinical or research purposes, about how such observations may be ordered, with what reliability they can be made, or how they relate to other aspects of marital function and to the psychological health of the partners. This paper is concerned with just such issues.
In this paper we consider another aspect of the marriages of male neurotic patients and their wives, namely the pattern of role-playing within the marriage and the family. Though no formal predictions were made regarding the differences that might be found between the marriages of the patient and control groups, it was hoped that examination of the role-activity patterns would illuminate the data already reported in Part I and II on health, personality, time-sharing and social activity.
A voice-activated relay was used to provide visual feedback of vocal amplitude for two subjects who habitually used very soft voices. The relay system caused a light to go on when vocal intensity was 65 dB SPL or greater. Both subjects demonstrated significant increases in their use of normal vocal intensity. One subject was able to transfer this progress to spontaneous conversational settings. Though some difficulties in generalization and automatization were evident, this system is recommended for use with persons exhibiting functional intensity deficiences.
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