SUMMARY The mechanism of cancer metastasis remains poorly understood. Using gene profiling of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues, we have identified GOLM1 as a leading gene relating to HCC metastasis. GOLM1 expression is correlated with early recurrence, metastasis and poor survival of HCC patients. Both gain- and loss-of-function studies determine GOLM1 acts as a key oncogene by promoting HCC growth and metastasis. It selectively interacts with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and serves as a specific cargo adaptor to assist EGFR/RTK anchoring on trans-Golgi network (TGN) and recycling back to plasma membrane leading to a prolonged activation of the downstream kinases. These findings reveal the function role of GOLM1, a Golgi-related protein, in EGFR/RTK recycling and metastatic progression of HCC.

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The use of small molecules to target miRNAs is a new type of therapy for human diseases, particularly cancers. We proposed a novel high-throughput approach to identify the biological links between small molecules and miRNAs in 23 different cancers and constructed the Small Molecule-MiRNA Network (SMirN) for each cancer to systematically analyze the properties of their associations. In each SMirN, we partitioned small molecules (miRNAs) into modules, in which small molecules (miRNAs) were connected with one miRNA (small molecule). Almost all of the miRNA modules comprised miRNAs that had similar target genes and functions or were members of the same miRNA family. Most of the small molecule modules involved compounds with similar chemical structures, modes of action, or drug interactions. These modules can be used to identify drug candidates and new indications for existing drugs. Therefore, our approach is valuable to drug discovery and cancer therapy.

CHC and ICC are different subtypes of PLC. This study discusses predominantly the molecular genetic details of PLC subtypes and highlights the need for an accurate diagnosis and treatment of specific PLC subtypes to optimize patient management.