The reaction between phenacyl bromide and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole was studied conductometrically in 17 different protic and aprotic solvents. The second order rate constants determined are found to be highly susceptible to changes in the solvation abilities of the solvents. Correlation of the rate constants with different solvent parameters indicated that the solvation of the reactants and the transition state is due to the electrophilicity, hydrogen bond donor ability, specific polarisability and a non-specific polarity of the solvent. by statistical analysis, a linear solvation energy relationship is derived and the percentage contributions of each type of solvation are estimated.
The aim of this study is to identify and characterize the bioactive principles from the roots of Wrightia tomentosa. For isolation, the compound, the dried root powder of W. tomentosa was subjected to hot extraction with n-hexane to chromatography. Two compounds (WTRHF 4 and WTRHF 7) were isolated and purified by chloroform: toluene (7.5: 2.5) and chloroform: ethyl acetate (6: 4), respectively. The infra-red (I.R) spectra of WTRHF 4 showed specific absorption bands for proteins, viz., 3689 to 3629 cm-1 for COOH stretching; 2375 cm-1 for NH 3 + stretching; 1726 cm-1 for COO stretching; and the Mass spectrum of WTRHF 4 showed the parent molecular ion (M) + cum base peak at m/z 663.5. In addition, the I.R spectra of WTRHF 7 showed specific absorption bands for flavonoids, viz., 3780 cm-1 for stretching alcohol and phenol; 1098 to 1048 cm-1 for CO -C stretching; 1445 to 1375 cm-1 for O-H δ ip phenol; 1739 cm-1 for C=O stretching and the mass spectra of WTRHF 7 showed a parent molecular ion (M+1) + peak at m/z 423.4 which corresponds to the molecular formula C 19 H 18 O 11. From the physical, chemical and spectral characteristics, WTRHF 4 and WTRHF 7 were concluded as amyloid β-protein (Aβ 17-28) and mangiferin, respectively.
Objectives: To examine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of Listeria monocytogenes in RTE food to understand the risk of contamination in the food industries. Methods: A total of 105 different samples of RTE foods, including curd, cheese, almond milk, banana milkshakes, chocolate, and strawberry milkshakes were collected from street vendors and departmental stores in and around Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu. As per ISO 11290-1:2017(E) protocol suspected Listeria colonies were selected and identified using standard biochemical tests. Positive colonies were then confirmed by PCR, and isolated confirmed strains were tested for their susceptibility to 12 widelyused antibiotics. Findings: Of the 105 samples, 15 (14.28%) showed a positive, and the overall extent of Listeria monocytogenes in RTE foods was about 14.3%. The results indicate that curd (n=10) and cheese (n=10) had the highest prevalence of L. monocytogenes (30%), followed by almond milk (25%), banana milkshake (13.33%), chocolate, and strawberry, which had a 10% prevalence each. Moreover, antibacterial susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents of 25 isolates of L. monocytogenes screened from fifteen RTE foods were tested and highlighted the emergence of multi-drug resistant patterns. Novelty: Our findings reveal that the Kanchipuram district has a high incidence of L. monocytogenes in RTE foods, particularly cheese, curd, and almond milk, which may cause multidrug resistance to the antibiotics used to treat listeriosis.
The new coronavirus [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)] that caused a viral disease with a high risk of mortality (coronavirus disease 2019) was found toward the end of 2019. This was a significant acute respiratory syndrome. In a brief period, this virus spread throughout the entire planet, causing tremendous loss of life and economic damage. The process of developing new treatments takes time, and there are presently no recognized specific treatments to treat this infection. The most promising participants, who subsequently developed into prospective leads, were dropped from the clinical research in their latter phases. Medication that has previously acquired permission may only be repurposed for use for various medical reasons following a thorough investigation for safety and effectiveness. Because there are now no effective treatments available, natural products are being used haphazardly as antiviral medications and immunity boosters. The fundamental statement that most natural compounds have powerful antiviral action does not apply to SARS-CoV-2. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections are inhibited by natural treatments. According to an in silico study, the virus’ nonstructural proteins, including PLpro, Mpro, and RdRp, as well as structural proteins like the spike (S) protein, have been shown to have a strong affinity for several natural products and to be inhibited by them. The virus also suggests that it is a valid candidate for therapeutic research since it utilizes the intracellular angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor of the host cell. In this study, interesting targets for SARS-CoV-2 medication development are explored, as well as the antiviral properties of some well-known natural compounds.
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