This paper presents a novel approach for a free structure analog circuit design using Genetic Algorithms (GA). A major problem in a free structure circuit is its sensitivity calculations as a polynomial approximation for the design is not available. A further problem is the effect of parasitic elements on the resulting circuit's performance. In a single design stage, circuits are produced that satisfy a specific frequency response specifications using circuit structures that are unrestricted and with component values that are chosen from a set of preferred values including their parasitic effects. The sensitivity to component variations for the resulting designs is performed using a novel technique and is incorporated in the fitness evaluation function. The extra degrees of freedom resulting form unbounded circuit structures create a huge search space. The application chosen is a LC all pass ladder filter circuit design.
Due to globalization, developing countries' companies have a growing need for creative thinking. Consequently, education systems should adjust to societal requirements and improve learning outcomes by incorporating teaching approaches that encourage creative thinking. A study involving eighteen public elementary school teachers (ESTs) aimed to identify their viewpoints regarding enhancing creative thinking and the roles played by home and school environments in developing students' potential for creativity. The study uncovered seven themes, including the importance of creative thinking, the roles of teachers and the curriculum, teaching methods, challenges faced in implementation, the school environment, and the role of education department in promoting creative thinking. While acknowledging the importance of creative thinking, teachers lacked the essential skills to promote it efficiently. Additionally, creative thinking promotion in schools and the curriculum was inadequate. To address this issue, it is essential to train teachers, equip schools with appropriate resources, and enhance the curriculum to foster creative thinking in students.
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