Sensory processing problems and related dysfunctions are among the most common conditions in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study examined the effect of sensory integration therapy (SIT) on different aspects of occupational performance in children with ASD. The study was conducted on an intervention group ( n = 16) receiving SIT and a control group ( n = 15) with 3- to 8-year-old children with ASD. The Short Child Occupational Profile (SCOPE) was used to compare the two groups in terms of the changes in their occupational performance and the Sensory Profile (SP) was used to assess sensory problems. The intervention group showed significantly greater improvement in all the SCOPE domains, as well as in all the SP domains, except for the "emotional reactions" and "emotional/social responses" domains, ( p < .05). The effectiveness of SIT in improving occupational performance in children with ASD as a health-related factor is supported by our findings.
Background/Aims Motor skills difficulties may affect participation and communication in children with autism. Sensory processing problems are well-known problems in children with autism, so sensory processing could be important to predicate motor skills. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between sensory processing and occupational motor skills and the ability to predict motor skill performances using sensory abilities. Methods A total of 31 children with autism participated in the study. The Sensory Profile questionnaire and Short Child Occupational Profile tool were used to assess the sensory ability and occupational motor skills of the children (boys=90.3%; mean age=5.45 years ± 1.73 years). The backward method of correlation coefficient analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and multiple regressions were used for statistical analysis. Results There was a significant relationship between occupational motor skills and sensory processing capabilities of children. The regression prediction equation was statistically significant in all sections of sensory processing except for oral processing (F (6.24)=4.46, P=0.004), with a value of R2=0.527 and R2Adj=0.409. Modelling motor skills based on sensory processing capabilities of children showed that the regression prediction equation was statistically significant (F (2.28) =11.87, P<0.001); with the value of R2=0.459 and R2Adj=0.420. In the final model, the factors of auditory processing and multi-sensory were found effective in children's motor skills (P<0.05). Conclusions Sensory processing is related to occupational motor skills and can help to predict occupational motor skill issues of children with autism spectrum disorder. This could be helpful to develop appropriate treatments to improve the functional motor skills of children with autism.
Background/Aims Caring for children with cerebral palsy may affect different domains in the caregiver's life. This study aimed to compare the occupational performance of mothers of a child who has cerebral palsy with mothers of a typically developing child. Methods A total of 41 mothers with a child who has cerebral palsy and 45 mothers with a typically developing child were recruited in this cross-sectional study. The age-matched mothers had only one child. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure was used to collect data on the occupational performance and satisfaction of mothers. Findings There was a statistically significant between-group difference in maternal occupational performance and occupational satisfaction (P<0.05), with mothers of children with cerebral palsy reporting lower scores for both. There were no relationships between demographic variables and the occupational performance and satisfaction of mothers with a child with cerebral palsy (P>0.05). The age of children with cerebral palsy had a direct positive relationship with the mothers' level of occupational satisfaction (P<0.05). Conclusion Mothers who take care of a child with cerebral palsy face significant reductions in occupational performance and satisfaction compared to mothers with a typically developing child, and therefore may need help and education in performing and organising their daily activities and roles.
Background: This study has been conducted to analyze the processes, models, and policies to assess fitness to drive and improving driving in the elderly in the world. Methods: The Arkesy and O’Malley frameworks were employed. Articles with at least one aspect of driving eligibility in the elderly were included. Expected data were collected using appropriate keywords from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, IranDoc, SID, and MagIran. Data were analyzed using the Content Analysis method. Results: Out of 675 records, 24 papers and reports were included in the study that all of them were High-Income Countries (HICs). Among the studies that referred to the baseline age, the highest frequency was 70 yr old (4 studies). Vision assessment was the main item to judge driving fitness (mentioned in 75% of the studies). The in-person (5 studies) was the most common method of renewal. General practitioners were the principal performers to measure driving fitness (7 studies). Thirteen studies referred to the road tests as part of the driver's license renewal process. In most all reports and papers, there were policies on empowering the elderly driver, including providing safe driving tips, optional driving skills tests, holding retraining courses, etc. The most frequently supporting policies included introducing alternative transportation. Conclusion: Most HICs have worthwhile experience in measuring and improving the fitness to drive in the elderly and enforce different laws according to social and political conditions. Utilizing these experiences by considering economic and social differences can be useful and practical for middle and low-income countries.
ÖZAmaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı farklı sosyoekonomik statüye sahip çocuklarda görsel algılama becerileri arasındaki farklılıkları araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya yedi ile on yaşları arasında (ortalama = 9.2 ± 0.8) toplam seksen üç çocuk katıldı. Görsel algılama becerilerini değerlendirmek için Motor Beceriden Bağımsız Görsel Algı Testi-3 uygulandı. Sosyo-demografik özellikler anket formu ile kaydedildi. Sonuçlar: Yüksek gelirli ebeveynlere sahip çocukların, görsel algılama sonuçları, düşük gelir düzeyindeki çocuklara kıyasla belirgin şekilde daha yüksekti. Görsel algılama puanı, eğitim düzeyi yüksek ebeveynli çocuklarda düşük eğitimli ebeveynlere göre anlamlı derecede yüksekti (p <0.05). Tartışma: Sonuçlar düşük sosyoekonomik statüye bağlı olarak kaynaklara erişimin kısıtlanmasının çocuklarda görsel algılama becerilerini etkileyebileceğini ortaya koymuştur.Anahtar Kelimeler: Görsel algılama; Sosyo-ekonomik faktörler; Çocuk A B S T R AC T Purpose:The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in visual perception skills among children from different socioeconomic status. Material and Methods: A total of eighty-three children between seven and ten years old (mean age= 9.2±0.8) participated in the study. The Motor Free Visual Perception Test-3 was administered to examine visual perception skills. Socio-demographic characteristics (age, sex, household income and parents' level of education) were obtained by means of a questionnaire. Results: Children with high-income parents had significantly better visual perception outcomes compared to children with low-income parents. Visual perception scores were significantly higher in children with high-educated parents than those with low-educated parents (p<0.05). Conclusion: Results revealed that decreased access to resources because of low socioeconomic status might affect visual perception skills in children.
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