Background COVID-19 is the highly contagious infectious disease, which affects different organs and systems. Anxiety and depression symptoms, that are common results of severe diseases, used to make recovery more difficult. Purpose To study the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, signs of anxiety, depression, stress, and their relationship in patients with proven COVID-19 pneumonia 3 months after discharge depending of gender. Methods The study was carried out within “One-year Cardiac Follow-up of COVID-19 Pneumonia”. 103 patients (mean age 46.6±15.8 years) were divided into 2 groups: 52 men (50.9%) and 51 women. Anxiety and depression symptoms were measured by GAD-7 and PHQ-9, respectively. PSS-10 was used to measure stress symptoms. The minimum value of anxiety and depression was a total value of 5 points. Results 48.5% of patients had cardiovascular diseases, out of which arterial hypertension (AH) was the most common (44.7%). Less common was coronary artery disease (CAD) (16.5%), which in 14.6% of patients was accompanied by AH. Chronic heart failure (CHF) NYHA class I-II was found in 19.4% of patients, and severe CHF (NYHA class III–IV) - in 4.9%. Arrhythmia was detected in 11.7% of patients. According to the clinical characteristics, no significant differences were found between the groups of men and women. AH affected 21.4% of men and 23.3% of women, CAD −10.7% and 5.8%, respectively. NYHA class I-II CHF were found in 8.7% of men and 10.7% of women, and severe CHF (NYHA class III–IV) - in 2 men and 3 women. Arrhythmia had a prevalence of less than 6% among both men and women. Anxiety or depression symptoms were reported in 29.1% and 27.2%, respectively. Combination of anxiety and depression symptoms was determined in 18.4%, symptoms of stress in 8.7% of patients. Symptoms of depression were found in women more often (p=0.023). The value of the median scores of the PHQ-9 questionnaire in the group of women was significantly higher than in the group of men (3.00 [1.00; 8.00] and 1.00 [0; 3.75], p=0.006). Depression symptoms were associated with female gender (OR 2.83; CI 95% 1.35–7.08). Despite the absence of gender differences in the prevalence of anxiety (18.4% and 10.7%, p=0.072), when comparing the values of the median scores of the GAD-7 questionnaire in the groups of men and women, the difference was statistically significant (1.00 [0; 4.00] and 3.00 [2.00; 7.00], p=0.001, respectively). Signs of stress among married people were less common in comparison with unmarried (2.9% vs 5.8%, p=0.037). Conclusion Three months after discharge, no significant differences in clinical characteristics between men and women were found. Signs of anxiety or depression were detected in more than a quarter of patients with proven COVID-19-associated pneumonia. Women experienced symptoms of depression 3 times more often than men. Unmarried patients tended to experience stress more often. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.
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