Globally, P. vannamei is the vital species in aquaculture production. Beneficial bacterial exploration of gut, sediment and water were investigated in P. vannamei culture using Illumina Miseq sequencing of 16S RNA V3-V4 hypervariable regions. Predominant phyla identified were Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, Bacteroidetes in gut; Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes in sediment and Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes in water. In total, 46 phyla, 509 families and 902 genera; 70 phyla, 735 families and 1255 genera; 55 phyla, 580 families and 996 genera were observed in gut, sediment and water, respectively. Diversity of microbial communities in respect of observed Operational Taxonomic Units, diversity indices (Shannon and Simpson), richness index (Chao1) were significantly high P(<0.05) in 60 DoC in gut and 30 DoC in sediment. Beta diversity indicated separate clusters for bacterial communities in gut, sediment and water samples and formation of distinct community profiles. Core microbiome in P. vannamei rearing ponds over a time consisted of 9, 21 and 20 OTUs in gut, rearing water and sediment, respectively. This study helps to intervene with suitable beneficial microbes to establish aquaculture system thereby contributes to enhance the productivity, improve water quality and pond bottom condition and control the pathogenic agents at each stage of the culture
Background: The present objective of the study was to isolate and characterize the gut associated culturable lactic acid bacteria (beneficial bacteria) from the gut of Penaeus vannamei for their potential application as probiotic. Methods: Penaeus vannamei (host) gut associated bacterial isolates were obtained from ten commercial brackishwater shrimp ponds (n=10) located in Kanchipuram, Chengalpattu, Tiruvallur and Villupuram districts of Tamil Nâdu, during 2021-22 to test their efficiency as indigenous gut probiotic. Twenty-five shrimps from each pond, with salinity ranging from 5 to 25 ppt, were collected for isolation of beneficial bacterial isolates. Result: Thirty lactic acid bacteria were isolated and identified from the gut of 250 Penaeus vannamei, using a 16S ribosomal DNA sequence. Six isolates viz., Pediococcus pentosaceus (ON495586), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (ON491817), Lactococcus lactis (ON479264), Enterococcus faecium (ON478992), Enterococcus hirae (ON478991) and Enterococcus durans (ON564885) having better enzyme activity were taken and further subjected to in vitro analysis. It was found that these isolates had antibacterial activity against shrimp pathogens V. campbelli, V. harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus with zone of inhibition ranging between 12.33 to 21.00 mm; showed better growth at pH 7.0; tolerated the bile salts up to 1% concentration and endured salt concentrations up to 6.0%. In addition, above isolates demonstrated excellent auto-aggregative activity (74.45 to 91.14%) and hydrophobicity (77 to 99.93%). No antagonist activities were detected among the strains, suggesting its use as the multiple cocktail probiotic. Hence, the investigated isolates could serve as potential probiotics in shrimp aquaculture production systems.
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