PurposeBlockchain can track the material from the manufacturer to the end customers. Therefore, it can ensure the product's authenticity, transparency and trust in the retail supply chain (SC). There is a need to trace and track the retail products before it reaches the customers to check the quality of the products so that expired products can be recycled and reused, which in turn will help gain customers' trust. This research aims to investigate retail employees' behavioural intention to adopt blockchain in the retail SC.Design/methodology/approachTo examine the behavioural intention of employees in the retail SC, the research uses three theories – the technology acceptance model; the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology; and the theory of planned behaviour. The technology acceptance model measures the employee's acceptance of blockchain in the retail SC. The unified theory of acceptance is used in this research to measure how blockchain adoption will improve the performance of the employees. The theory of planned behaviour is used in this research to measure whether the employees intend to adopt blockchain. A survey was carried out in the retail stores of India. Exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were used for data analysis.FindingsThis study found that the employees of the retail stores have a positive intention and attitude to adopt blockchain technology. Further, it was found that perceived behavioural control and effort expectancy was not promoting blockchain adoption in the retail sector.Practical implicationsThis study will help the retail stores' employees understand the blockchain in their operations and will motivate the top management of the retail companies to adopt this technology. The study is limited to the retail SC in India only.Originality/valueThis study uses three theories technology acceptance model; the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology; and the theory of planned behaviour, which were not used in earlier studies of blockchain adoption in the retail SC.

PurposeThe present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the short form of personal optimism and self-efficacy optimism-extended (POSO-E) among Indian teachers.Design/methodology/approachTwo studies were conducted to adjudge the reliability and validity of the scale. In the first study, the sample of 510 respondents was randomly divided into subsamples. The first subsample was subjected to the Exploratory Factor Analysis which yielded a two-factor solution explaining 71.02% of the variance. This model was subjected to the Confirmatory Factor Analysis using a second subsample. Acceptable model fit indices suggested factorial validity of the two-dimensional POSO-E among Indian teachers. In the second study, acceptable Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability estimates (greater than 0.70) indicated the scale's reliability. Also, as expected, personal optimism, self-efficacy optimism and overall optimism reported a positive correlation with spiritual well-being and a negative association with distress. It confirmed the criterion validity of the POSO-E among Indian teachers.FindingsThe results showed appreciable psychometric properties of the POSO-E in the context of Indian teachers. The study offered a valid and reliable scale to measure teachers' optimism levels. It is poised to generate renewed interest among scholars to emphasize teachers' positive and optimist thinking. The findings also reported a positive association between teachers' optimism and spiritual well-being. It suggests that spiritual practices and interventions could be used to develop an optimistic academic workforce.Originality/valueThe study is one of the pioneer studies that evaluated the reliability and validity of the POSO-E among Indian teachers.

No abstract

No abstract

In the different points of the decision making proccess, a buyer who uses more than one channel is referred as multi-channel customer. Then, a buyer who includes only single choice in his shopping process is referred as single channel buyer. This study analyzed channel choice conduct utilizing a Theory of Planned Behavior by impacts in community pharmacy, e-Pharmacy, and Multi-channel. Also, it recommends omnichannel strategies for community pharmacies A self-regulated questionnaire was utilized (N = 426) to understand consumer channel choice across the channels. The initial step of the two-stage analysis comprises of the evaluation of the outer model. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the underlying structural Equation model. The CFA was completed using the SmartPLS 3. The evaluation showed that the TPB was significant and found subjective norms was effective across the channels. The distinction between single and multichannel is explained with the context to community pharmacy, e-Pharmacy, and Multi-channel. This Study sets the ground for collaborates in the medical services and Pharmaceuticals to improve their understanding of what drives to purchase in different channels. Furnished with this information, advertisers and healthcare experts could design and execute their promoting methodology more effectively.