The content of selenium in basic broiler diets was 50 ± 10, 100 ± 10, 150 ± 10 and 250 ± 10 μgkg-1. At day 14, 28 and 42 tissue samples were collected. Dynamics and selenium deposits in blood, liver, muscle and heart were estimated in relation to the level of dietary selenium and age of broilers. When broilers were fed with diet containing 250 μgkg-1 Se, at day 42 the highest concentration of Se was in liver (570.8 ± 44.1 μgkg-1), blood (430.3 ± 46.5 μgL-1) and heart (237.5 ± 42.8 μgkg-1). At day 14, increase of dietary selenium content from 50 μgkg-1 to 250 μgkg-1 was followed by decrease of selenium deposits in heart: when broilers were fed with basic diet containing 50 μgkg-1 Se measured content of Se in heart muscle was 49.8 ± 15.6 μgkg-1 (99.6%) while in broilers fed with basic diet containing 250 μgkg-1 Se measured content of Se in heart was 147.2 ± 33.4 μgkg-1 (58.9%), respectively. The point of saturation as well as maximal concentration of selenium in liver was reached in period between fourth (556.7 ± 40.6 μgkg-1) and sixth (570.8 ± 44.1 μgkg-1) week of age. Also, feeding with basic diet containing 250 μgkg-1 Se the selenium blood level reached 162.8 ± 28.9 μgL-1 already at day 14 that represent 65.1% of dietary selenium
The reproductive cycle of Dermacentor reticulatus (Ixodidae) is described in this paper. Experimental infestation was carried out on immobilized (fixed) RAP mice and those that could move freely. Dermacentor reticulatus (D. pictus) larvae, nymphs and adults were obtained from eggs placed in glass test tubes in two variants: dry medium (T° = 28-30°C, R.H. = 49-51%) and wet medium (T° = 28-31°C, R.H. = 94-95%). In the mice that were experimentally infested with the eggs incubated in wet medium, there were more fixed larvae that came off after sucking (8-786 larvae) compared with 0-7 larvae that were observed in the mice that could move freely. At the same time, more larvae were attached to the immobilized mice (2-786) compared with the number of larvae observed in the mice that could move freely (0-11). Infestation was not registered in the experimental animals that could move freely when the larvae were incubated in the dry medium. Experimental infestation with Dermacentor reticulatus failed in the RAP mice. The infested mice tolerated as much as 786 Dermacentor reticulatus larvae, but they died when 12-30 nymphs were fed on them
Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) is widespread viral disease in countries with the intensive poultry industry. In susceptible birds CIAV causes anemia subcutaneous and intramuscular hemorrhages, lymphoid tissue atrophy immunosuppression, cachexia and increased mortality. Protection of progeny relies not only on age resistance but also on maternally delivered antibodies (Mabs) so possessing the information on level and persistence of Mabs is of great significance. In our study experimental infection with CIAV was performed on one and seven days old broiler chickens from naturally infected parent flock during the rearing period. In infected birds, clinical signs hematological findings and humoral immune response were examined. After euthanasia, we looked for specific pathomorphological and histopathological changes that indicate the presence of CIAV infection. In all one and seven days old chickens maternally derived antibodies were established. No clinical signs of CIA were observed, hematological findings showed no deviation from referent values, and there were no specific pathomorphological and histopathological changes at postmortem examination. According to previous knowledge, only serological negative flock if infected in time of laying represent risk for vertical transmission to progeny where typical disease with mortality will appear. The absence of Mabs in one day old chickens is critical point in break of disease. Typical clinical picture in day old chickens rises only when vertical transmission occurs
We examined the content of crops in 672 pheasants of both sexes. The pheasants have been shot at all seasons of the year in different hunting grounds in the Vojvodina Province. Out of total number of pheasants, 145 were shot in the spring, 128 in the summer, 229 in the fall and 179 in the winter. The examined pheasant crops contained mostly the seeds of weeds and grasses (62.2%), culminating in the fall (67.7%), and green feed (61.6%), culminating in winter and spring (79.8% and 70.4%, respectively), while the other kinds of feed were found in a considerably smaller number of pheasants. According to the average number of consumed particles, the seeds of weed and grass were in the first place (374 pheasants), culminating in the fall (431 pheasants) while the numbers of particles of other feeds were considerably lower, from 78% to 93%. According to quantity, corn was in the first place with the annual average of 8.4 g that culminated in the winter (11.3 g). The average proportion between the herbal and animal parts in feed was 99.6: 0.4 g in favor of the herbal feed, with seasonal variations from 99.2: 0.8 g in the summer to 99.9: 0.1 g in the winter. Analyzing herbal proportions in feed we saw that generative plant parts prevailed over the vegetative parts (92.0 g and 7.6 g, respectively). The percentage of animal parts present in the rations of pheasants was reduced over last 30 years from 33.5% to 0.4%
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