The hypotheses that postexercise replenishment of intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) is enhanced by endurance training and that it depends on fat intake were tested. Trained and untrained subjects exercised on a treadmill for 2 h at 50% peak oxygen consumption, reducing IMCL by 26-22%. During recovery, they were fed 55% (high fat) or 15% (low fat) lipid energy diets. Muscle substrate stores were estimated by (1)H (IMCL)- and (13)C (glycogen)-magnetic resonance spectroscopy in tibialis anterior muscle before and after exercise. Resting IMCL content was 71% higher in trained than untrained subjects and correlated significantly with glycogen content. Both correlated positively with indexes of insulin sensitivity. After 30 h on the high-fat diet, IMCL concentration was 30-45% higher than preexercise, whereas it remained 5-17% lower on the low-fat diet. Training status had no significant influence on IMCL replenishment. Glycogen was restored within a day with both diets. We conclude that fat intake postexercise strongly promotes IMCL repletion independently of training status. Furthermore, replenishment of IMCL can be completed within a day when fat intake is sufficient.

The NutriAlz program had no effect on functional decline in Alzheimer disease patients living at home over one year, but reduced the risk for malnutrition, as recommendations concerning diet and exercise were provided.

Objective: To describe food habits and dietary intakes of athletic and non-athletic adolescents in Switzerland. Setting: College, high schools and professional centers in the Swiss canton of Vaud. Method: A total of 3540 subjects aged 9 ± 19 y answered a self-reported anonymous questionnaire to assess lifestyles, physical plus sports activity and food habits. Within this sample, a subgroup of 246 subjects aged 11 ± 15 also participated in an in-depth ancillary study including a 3 day dietary record completed by an interview with a dietician. Results: More boys than girls reported engaging in regular sports activities (P`0.001). Adolescent food habits are quite traditional: up to 15 y, most of the respondents have a breakfast and eat at least two hot meals a day, the percentages decreasing thereafter. Snacking is widespread among adolescents (60 ± 80% in the morning, 80 ± 90% in the afternoon). Food habits among athletic adolescents are healthier and also are perceived as such in a higher proportion. Among athletic adolescents, consumption frequency is higher for dairy products and ready to eat (RTE) cereals, for fruit, fruit juices and salad (P`0.05 at least). Thus the athletic adolescent's food brings more micronutrients than the diet of their non-athletic counterparts. Within the subgroup (ancillary study), mean energy intake corresponds to requirements for ageagender group. Conclusions: Athletic adolescents display healthier food habits than non-athletic adolescents: this result supports the idea that healthy behavior tends to cluster and suggests that prevention programs among this age group should target simultaneously both sports activity and food habits.

BackgroundDue to the distinct cultural and language differences that exist in Switzerland, there is little information on the dietary intake among the general Swiss population. Adequately assessing dietary intake is thus paramount if nutritional epidemiological studies are to be conducted.ObjectiveTo assess the reproducibility and validity of a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) developed for French-speaking Swiss adults.DesignA total of 23 men and 17 women (43.1±2.0 years) filled out one FFQ and completed one 24-hour dietary recall at baseline and 1 month afterward.ResultsCrude Pearson's correlation coefficients between the first and the second FFQ ranged from 0.58 to 0.90, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ranged between 0.53 and 0.92. Lin's concordance coefficients ranged between 0.55 and 0.87. Over 80% of participants were classified in the same or adjacent tertile using each FFQ. Macronutrient intakes estimated by both FFQs were significantly higher than those estimated from the 24-hour recall for protein and water, while no significant differences were found for energy, carbohydrate, fats (five groups), and alcohol. De-attenuated Pearson's correlation coefficients between the 24-hour recall and the first FFQ ranged between 0.31 and 0.49, while for the second FFQ the values ranged between 0.38 and 0.59. Over 40 and 95% of participants fell into the same or the adjacent energy and nutrient tertiles, respectively, using the FFQs and the 24-hour recall.ConclusionsThis FFQ shows good reproducibility and can be used determining macronutrient intake in a French-speaking Swiss population in an epidemiological setting.

Estimation of whole-grain (WG) food intake in epidemiological and nutritional studies is normally based on general diet FFQ, which are not designed to specifically capture WG intake. To estimate WG cereal intake, we developed a forty-three-item FFQ focused on cereal product intake over the past month. We validated this questionnaire against a 3-d-weighed food record (3DWFR) in thirty-one subjects living in the French-speaking part of Switzerland (nineteen female and twelve male). Subjects completed the FFQ on day 1 (FFQ1), the 3DWFR between days 2 and 13 and the FFQ again on day 14 (FFQ2). The subjects provided a fasting blood sample within 1 week of FFQ2. Total cereal intake, total WG intake, intake of individual cereals, intake of different groups of cereal products and alkylresorcinol (AR) intake were calculated from both FFQ and the 3DWFR. Plasma AR, possible biomarkers for WG wheat and rye intake were also analysed. The total WG intake for the 3DWFR, FFQ1, FFQ2 was 26 (SD 22), 28 (SD 25) and 21 (SD 16) g/d, respectively. Mean plasma AR concentration was 55·8 (SD 26·8) nmol/l. FFQ1, FFQ2 and plasma AR were correlated with the 3DWFR (r 0·72, 0·81 and 0·57, respectively). Adjustment for age, sex, BMI and total energy intake did not affect the results. This FFQ appears to give a rapid and adequate estimate of WG cereal intake in free-living subjects. Whole-grain cereals: Food-frequency questionnaires: Alkylresorcinol: Dietary assessmentWhole-grain (WG) cereal intake has been strongly associated with a decreased risk of heart disease, diabetes and some cancers (1,2) . WG intake is usually estimated based on answers to three to fourteen foods in total diet FFQ (3 -5) . Since the United States Department of Agriculture recommendations in 2004 that people should eat at least three servings of WG cereals per day (6) , many new products based on different amounts of WG have become available, making accurate estimation/ ranking on the basis of a limited number of questions potentially difficult. There is a need for new approaches for estimating WG intake, including FFQ that focus on cereal intake, and using biomarkers of WG intake, such as plasma alkylresorcinols (AR) (7 -11) .Currently, there are no validated FFQ focused on WG cereal intake, nor information about the correlation between plasma AR and habitual WG intake. With the growing interest in WG cereals and the general importance of cerealbased foods for human nutrition, it is important to develop tools that improve our understanding of their intake and role in nutrition. In this present study, we aimed to develop and validate a FFQ that can rapidly estimate WG cereal intake in free-living subjects in the French-speaking area of Switzerland. Subjects and methods Questionnaire designThe FFQ was designed to capture information about intake over the past month from four general categories of cereal products: bread, breakfast cereals, snacks and desserts and cooked cereals. Questions were asked about the frequency of specified portions of food eaten (never/,0 tim...