Varieties of studies have been used to investigate the health benefits of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis); however, more research is needed to examine if its nano form may be utilized to treat or prevent several chronic diseases. So, we designed this study to explore the effect and the cellular intracellular mechanisms by which Arthrospira platensis Nanoparticles (NSP) alleviates the testicular injury induced by diabetes in male Wistar rats. Eighty Wistar male rats (n = 80) were randomly allocated into eight groups. Group 1 is untreated rats (control), Group 2 including STZinduced diabetic rats with 65 mg/kg body weight STZ (STZ-diabetic), Group 3-5: including diabetic rats treated with NSP1, NSP2, and NSP3 at 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg body weight, respectively, once daily orally by the aid of gastric gavage for 12 consecutive weeks and groups 6-8 include normal rats received NSP (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg body weight once daily orally. The identical volume of normal saline was injected into both control and diabetic rats. After 12 weeks of diabetes induction, the rats were killed. According to our findings, NSP administration to diabetic rats enhances the total body weight and the weight of testes and accessory glands; in addition, NSP significantly reduced nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in testicular tissue improved sperm parameters. Intriguingly, it raises testicular GSH and SOD activity by a significant amount (p < 0.05). As well, Oral administration of NSP to diabetic rats resulted in a decrease in the blood glucose levels, HA1C, induced in the diabetic group, which overcame the diabetic complications NSP caused down-regulation of apoptotic genes with upregulation of BCL-2 mRNA expression (p < 0.05) and prominent up-regulation of steroidogenesis genes expression level in testes in comparison to the diabetic rats which resulted in improving the decreased levels of testosterone hormone, FSH, and LH induced by diabetes. In the same way, our histopathological findings support our biochemical and molecular findings; in conclusion, NSP exerted a protective effect against reproductive dysfunction induced by diabetes not only through its high antioxidant and hypoglycemic action but also through its down-regulation of Apoptotic genes and up-regulation of steroidogenesis regulatory genes expression level in diabetic testes.
This study aims to see if Ginseng® can reduce the hepatorenal damage caused by malathion. Four groups of forty male Wistar albino rats were alienated. Group 1 was a control group that got orally supplied corn oil (vehicle). Group 2 was intoxicated by malathion dissolved in corn oil orally at 135 mg/kg/day. Group 3 orally received both malathion + Panax Ginseng® (300 mg/kg/day). Group 4 was orally given Panax Ginseng® at a 300 mg/kg/day dose. Treatments were administered daily and continued for up to 30 consecutive days. Malathion’s toxic effect on both hepatic and renal tissues was revealed by a considerable loss in body weight and biochemically by a marked increase in liver enzymes, LDH, ACP, cholesterol, and functional renal markers with a marked decrease in serum TP, albumin, and TG levels with decreased AchE and Paraoxonase activity. Additionally, malondialdehydes, nitric oxide (nitrite), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, and TNFα with a significant drop in the antioxidant activities were reported in the malathion group. Malathion upregulated the inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic genes, while Nrf2, Bcl2, and HO-1 were downregulated. Ginseng® and malathion co-treatment reduced malathion’s harmful effects by restoring metabolic indicators, enhancing antioxidant pursuit, lowering the inflammatory reaction, and alleviating pathological alterations. So, Ginseng® may have protective effects against hepatic and renal malathion-induced toxicity on biochemical, antioxidant, molecular, and cell levels.
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of feeding Allium Sativum (AS) at three levels 4 ,6 and 12% on serum glucose, insulin and some physiological parameters in male rats. This study included 24 adult male albino rats, with an average live body weight 140 gm. Rats were distributed into 4 groups (6 rats each). Blood samples were collected at 8 am , 4 pm and 12 pm twice after 4 then 8 weeks from the beginning of the experiment. Blood samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 min to obtain serum. Results show that AS did not show any significant effect on serum glucose after 4 weeks, meanwhile after 8 weeks 4% AS was significantly decreased serum glucose. Serum glucose tended to be higher at 4 pm in control and most treated groups after 4 or 8 weeks from the start of the experiment. Treatment with 4 % or 6% AS for 4 weeks significantly increased serum insulin. Serum insulin were increased at 8 am after 4 weeks ,while after 8 weeks serum insulin were increased at 12 p.m. AS significantly decreased serum total protein and albumin after 4 or 8 weeks as compared with the control group .Serum cholesterol were increased after treatment with AS. .AS did not show any significant effect on serum triglycerides after 4 weeks, Meanwhile after 8 weeks AS significantly decreased serum triglycerides .After 4 weeks from the treatment 4% and 12 % AS significantly increased serum alkaline phosphatase , while after 8 weeks all groups treated with AS significantly decreased Alkaline phosphates .serum creatinine significantly decreased after treatment with AS for 4 weeks ,while after 8 weeks from the treatment 4% and 12 % AS significantly decreased serum creatinine as compared with the control group. It could be concluded that the addition of several levels of garlic in rats diet cause a several effect on some blood components under study. Feeding of diet contain garlic enhance serum insulin and glucose levels in the experimental rats. Thus we can add garlic to rat's diet by 4% or 6% from the diet to increase the performance in this animal.
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