It is a known fact that basic health care services cannot reach the majority of the population due to poor geographical accessibility. Unless quantitative locationallocation models and geographic information systems (GIS) are used, the final decision may be made on pragmatic considerations which can result far from optimal. In this paper, current and possible (or potential) new locations of pharmacy warehouses in Gaziantep are investigated to provide optimal distribution of hospitals and pharmacies. To do so, first of all, geographic information of 10 current and 10 potential pharmacy warehouses, 231 pharmacies and 29 hospitals are gathered using GIS. Second, a set covering mathematical model is handled to determine coverage capability of current and potential pharmacy warehouses and minimize the number of warehouses to be opened. Finally, P-center and P-median mathematical models are applied to open potential warehouses and to assign pharmacies & hospitals to the opened warehouses so that the total distance and the demand's longest distance to the source are minimized. Developed integer programming (IP) models and GIS software are compared with on a case study. Computational experiments prove that our approach can find new potential pharmacy warehouses which cover wider areas than current warehouses to service pharmacies and hospitals in the city.
Purpose
There are limited studies on the effects of coffee consumption, which has become part of popular culture and is highly common among young people, on the attention levels of female university students. This paper aims to examine the effects of caffeine consumption given at different doses (0, 100 and 200 mg) to female university students (n = 100) studying at the faculty of health sciences on attention performance with the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT).
Design/methodology/approach
Participants' test completion time, number of errors and corrections were tested. In addition, the frequencies of weekly coffee consumption were also recorded.
Findings
It was found that consumption of coffee containing 200 mg of caffeine reduced the time to complete the sections of the SCWT test (p < 0.05), as well as the total test completion time (55.81 ± 8.67 s) compared to no coffee consumption (58.25 ± 9.46 s) and coffee consumption with 100-mg caffeine (57.56 ± 8.87 s) (p < 0.05; effect size: 0.268). The effect of caffeine on attention level was induced by 200-mg caffeine consumption, but was unapparent at 100-mg dose. In addition, SCWT completion times were reduced in the student group with more weekly coffee consumption (=3 cups/week) at 200-mg caffeine dose.
Originality/value
In this context, caffeine dose is a factor that should be taken into account in determining the performance of individuals in the SCWT test. It is thought that coffee consumption can increase the concentration of students and have positive effects on academic achievement.
Employees are constantly in action for the production of goods and services in workplaces. These workplace activities affect the physical and mental health of the employees and cause occupational accidents. Elimination of these negativities is possible with the implementation of occupational health and safety services. Safety organisation is also very important in steel rolling mills so that employees are not exposed to danger. As in any other industry, steel rolling mill workers work with dangerous machinery that causes injury, disability and death. Safe working is an integral part of risk management. Risk management is the process of taking and implementing action to reduce the possibility of an assessed risk occurring. Therefore, known or tolerable risks are managed. In safe workplaces, productivity is high, work accidents and occupational diseases are low. Safe workplaces are only possible with risk management. In this study, the rolling mill area of a workplace producing rebar with the Fine-Kinney Method was analysed and the necessary precautions were listed. These measures are generally listed as; implementation of control protocols for the routine operation of the process, providing necessary occupational health and safety training for the personnel, providing the necessary information, repeating the training at regular intervals, following up the protective clothing and equipment to be used in the process, maintenance/repair of the units and the tools used. As a result of these measures, the degree of risk will be reduced to acceptable levels.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.