The aims of this study were isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas spp. from fish meat collected from Sohag governorate, Egypt. A total 120 fish samples including frozen mackerel, frozen saurus, chilled Mugil cephalus and chilled Tilapia nilotica (30 of each) were collected from different shops and supermarkets in Sohag governorate. Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from 65% of the examined samples. The obtained data revealed that the highest count of Pseudomonas was in chilled Tilapia nilotica. The prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in frozen mackerel, frozen saurus, chilled Tilapia nilotica and chilled Mugil cephalus was 33.3%, 30%, 23.3% and 26.6% respectively. Furthermore, psychrotrophic count was performed and the results demonstrated that it was the highest in frozen mackerel followed by Tilapia nilotica and the Mugil cephalus showed the lowest count. Furthermore, the occurrence of oprL, phzM and toxA virulence genes was studied in some selected isolates by PCR. The findings showed that all the selected isolates possessed the virulence genes. This work showed contamination of fish samples with Pseudomonas spp., indicating the importance of applying hygienic measures during handling and storage of fish.
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute viral animal disease; that causes huge economic consequences to the livestock sector. Totally, 118 samples (Epithelial Tissue (n = 38), Vesicles (n = 30), Heart (n = 31), Tongue (n = 9), Oral swabs (n = 10), and 232 samples (Epithelial Tissue (n = 108), Vesicular fluids (n = 36), Heart (n = 28), Tongue (n = 24), Oral swabs (n = 36) collected from suspected animals during FMD outbreak investigations in 2021, and 2022, respectively, constituted the material of the study. This study aimed to detect the Foot-and-mouth disease viruses (FMDVs) and their serotype using qRT-PCR, and antigen detection using ELISA, followed by virus isolation on BHK-21 cells then identification. The field samples were analyzed by FMDV screening primers/probes then the virus serotype-specific primers/probes revealing 57/118 (48.30%) during 2021, and 158/232 (68.10%) during 2022 positive samples with qRT-PCR and categorized into serotype O 46/57 (80.70%), 90/158 (56.96%) with the highest prevalence, followed by serotype A 7/57 (12.28%), 58/158 (36.70%), serotype SAT-2 4/57 (7%), 10/158 (6.32%) during 2021, and 2022, respectively. FMD antigen detection ELISA was performed giving results with 45/118 (38.14%) in 2021, and 120/232(51.72%) in 2022. The virus is propagated successfully in 4/10 (40%) in 2021, and 6/17(35.29%) in 2022 samples. Results illustrated in the present study help in general detection of FMDV serotypes currently circulating in Egypt, and aid in understanding of current status of epidemiological aspect of the disease to construct efficient control plan. FMDV serotypes Real-time RT-PCR Diagnosis FMD status
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