The present study was carried out for the assessment and detecting of the Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophages and their bacterial host's proteins includes visual inspection and comparison of their molecular weight mass. Systematic methods that use microorganisms (viruses and bacteria) to test samples from the local sewage water have been developed but require some change in the classical culturing of the organism to detect it easily by naked eye through the changes in selective media. We have developed a Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Ploy Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) assay for bacteriophage samples preparation that allows the rapid detection of proteins bands of these viruses by using freeze drying technique. We found that the protein profiles of E. coli bacteriophage showed three major bands with molecular weight mass of 47, 35 and 16 kilo Dalton and 34 and 20 kDa for S. aureus phage, the band of 35 kDa was the common shared peak between the phage and the bacterial host due to the bacteriophage lytic cycle. The method is suitable for use with both the bacteriophages and their bacterial hosts. The assay is rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive; requires only small sample volumes; and can be automated.
BackgroundEnteric fever has persistence of great impact in Sudanese public health especially during rainy season when the causative agent Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi possesses pan endemic patterns in most regions of Sudan - Khartoum.ObjectivesThe present study aims to assess the recent state of antibiotics susceptibility of Salmonella Typhi with special concern to multidrug resistance strains and predict the emergence of new resistant patterns and outbreaks.Methods Salmonella Typhi strains were isolated and identified according to the guidelines of the International Standardization Organization and the World Health Organization. The antibiotics susceptibilities were tested using the recommendations of the Clinical Laboratories Standards Institute. Predictions of emerging resistant bacteria patterns and outbreaks in Sudan were done using logistic regression, forecasting linear equations and in silico simulations models.ResultsA total of 124 antibiotics resistant Salmonella Typhi strains categorized in 12 average groups were isolated, different patterns of resistance statistically calculated by (y = ax − b). Minimum bactericidal concentration’s predication of resistance was given the exponential trend (y = n ex) and the predictive coefficient R2 > 0 < 1 are approximately alike. It was assumed that resistant bacteria occurred with a constant rate of antibiotic doses during the whole experimental period. Thus, the number of sensitive bacteria decreases at the same rate as resistant occur following term to the modified predictive model which solved computationally.ConclusionThis study assesses the prediction of multi-drug resistance among S. Typhi isolates by applying low cost materials and simple statistical methods suitable for the most frequently used antibiotics as typhoid empirical therapy. Therefore, bacterial surveillance systems should be implemented to present data on the aetiology and current antimicrobial drug resistance patterns of community-acquired agents causing outbreaks.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12941-017-0247-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Many diseases in Africa such as malaria are known to be sensitive to climate factors there is a positive correlation between malaria, cholera and meningitis, and climatic elements. Regular limits of malaria allocation indicate that malaria could develop for several months in most areas of Sudan due to climate variables. The study found that the malaria cases related to temperature increasing was clearly recognized in the Northern State with 1.59% out of the state population. The highest endemic state was Blue Nile with 2.45% in the Rich Wet Savannah, and the lowest state of malaria infections was Western Darfur with 0.06% cases. The total of malaria infections in northern Sudan is 15.19% of 29 million population, the prevalence of malaria in southern Sudan was 24.5% of 9.5 million population (including 2004 and 2005 returnees) of those examined were infected. Whilst in Khartoum State the mean number of cases increased to reach 60869 in the study period 5.5 million of population as the largest inhibited state.
The present experiments were conducted to study the effect of different solanaceous host plants on the population density of the leafhoppers and planthoppers according to the morphological diversity of host surface and phytochemical composition on the preference behaviour of the insect pests. The leafhoppers, Empoasca decipiens and Empoasca decedens preferred eggplant as a host plant followed by tomato and pepper by using the three methods (leaf sample, yellow sticky traps, sweep net) during the two seasons. Meanwhile, Cicadulina chinai preferred tomato followed by eggplant and pepper by using the different methods. While, Balcutha hortensis preferred pepper followed by eggplant and tomato. On the other hand, the planthoppers, Sogatella futcifera preferred eggplant followed by pepper and tomato. Statistical analysis revealed that highly significant differences were recorded between the three host plants during the two seasons according to the average number of different leafhoppers and planthoppers by using the three sampling methods. The insect population varied among leaf surface morphological characters. The Scanning Electron Microscope pictures revealed that, the trichome type was nonglandular in eggplant and tomato, while in pepper was hairiness. Population density exhibited significantly of trichome length on eggplant, whereas had less significantly on tomato leaves with higher hair density. Peppers, with no trichome had the lowest population of insect. Depending on the analysis of phytochemical composition of plant leaves, a highly positive correlated leafhopper and plant hoppers with higher ratios was found for the total protein, total nitrogen, α-esterase, βesterase and Glutathione Stransferase (GST).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.