This investigation provides evidence of subclinical coronary vascular disease among individuals infected with HIV in early life. Increased duration of ART, hyperlipidemia, and smoking contributed to proximal RCA thickening, independent of atherosclerotic plaque quantified by CT. These modifiable risk factors appear to influence early atherogenesis as measured by coronary wall thickness and may be important targets for CVD risk reduction.

Objectives Literature detailing factors affecting survival in sinonasal rhabdomyosarcoma (SNRMS) is limited due to its rarity. We analyze the demographics, potential prognostic factors, overall survival, and treatment efficacy of SNRMS. Study Design and Setting Administrative database study. Methods SNRMS was queried in the SEER database (1973-2013; Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results). Data were analyzed for demographic and clinicopathologic trends. Kaplan-Meier model was utilized for assessing survival. Results A total of 286 cases of SNRMS were identified. The median age at diagnosis was 24.5 years, and the mean tumor size was 5.1 cm. Overall 5-, 10-, and 20-year disease-specific survival was 35.1%, 25.4%, and 12.0%, respectively. Regional lymph node involvement was present at diagnosis in more than half of cases (54.3%) and distant metastasis in 32.2% of cases. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (54.9%) and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (23.8%) were the primary histologies. Alveolar-type SNRMS was more likely than the embryonal type to metastasize to distant sites (41.7% vs 24.1%), and it possessed poorer 5-year survival (29.2% vs 45.6%). Distant metastasis decreased 5-year survival from 35.1% to 3.8%, whereas lymph node involvement did not significantly affect survival. Patients <10 years old had the highest survival rates. Primary tumor origin by subsite did not significantly affect survival. Smaller tumor sizes and earlier Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group stages were associated with improved outcomes. Surgical therapy had the highest survival rates. Conclusion SNRMS has overall poorer prognosis than all other parameningeal rhabdomyosarcomas studied. Age <10 years, smaller tumor sizes, lack of distant metastasis, localized tumors, earlier Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group stages, and embryonal histology were all associated with improved outcomes.

Objectives/Hypothesis: The role of cumulative ultraviolet (UV) radiation in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the lip (CSCCL) is well understood. This study seeks to evaluate overall survival as well as incidence and demographics across geographic regions, given differences in UV exposure across the United States.Study Design: Retrospective population-based analysis.Methods: A total of 14,901 CSCCL cases were identified as being from the West, Midwest, South, or Northeast, utilizing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry from 1973 to 2013. Demographics, stage of disease, and treatment modalities were compared among regions.Results: Of the CSCCL cases reported, 58.3%, 24.5%, 10.8%, and 6.4% originated from the West, Midwest, South, and Northeast, respectively. Patients most commonly presented with T1 tumors (81.3%), and nodal and distant metastasis was rare for patients from all regions (3.1% and 0.3%, respectively). Patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage II and higher were most likely from the Northeast or South. Overall, most patients were treated with surgery monotherapy (89.5%); however, surgical monotherapy was least commonly utilized in patients in the Northeast and South. Overall 5-year disease specific survival was measured at 94.7%.Conclusion: Although areas of high UV index are implicated in increased morbidity and mortality due to CSCCL, this study indicates that a variety of factors play a role in CSCCL incidence and outcomes in the United States. The elderly and non-white populations were identified as poor prognostic demographic factors. Investigation detailing differences in CSCCL detection and treatment may aid in the identification of higher-risk populations.Key Words: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the lip, head and neck cancer, lip cancer, SEER, surveillance epidemiology and end results, population-based, survival, cutaneous head and neck cancer.

Subclinical markers of renal dysfunction were increased in HIV-infected young adults and associated with TDF exposure, whereas lower bone density was associated with didanosine and stavudine exposure. The tendency for improvement in markers of bone health over time and the availability of less toxic ARV alternatives may herald improvements in renal and bone health for perinatally infected patients in adulthood.

We evaluated immune activation and coronary artery plaque in young adults with HIV acquired in early life (n=31). Coronary plaque was positively associated with lipids, immune activation marker %CD8+CD38+DR, and E-selectin, a marker of endothelial inflammation. Immune activation and endothelial inflammation may drive coronary plaque formation during the early stages of atherosclerosis in the context of chronic HIV.