During the last decade, microgrids are attracting a significant attention due to their numerous advantages. Amongst them, the most important one is their ability to operate either in grid-connected or in islanded (autonomous) mode. However, the transition between the two modes can be challenging in terms of maintaining the stability and integrity of the microgrid. In this paper, an optimization-based islanding methodology is developed to ensure a timely and smooth transition from the grid-connected to the islanded mode. This is achieved through shedding loads, by defining the generation level of the photovoltaics (energy spill) and by regulating the charging/discharging rate of batteries. A resynchronization method is also presented along with the requirements that need to be satisfied for the smooth reconnection of the microgrid back to the main grid. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through simulation results for the events of surplus energy production, and excess energy demand of the microgrid.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Background:Previous studies have demonstrated that SLE patients have a higher risk of suicidal behaviour, including suicidal ideation, attempt and complete suicide (1,2). Data describing the SLE patients’ clinical characteristics and risk factors of suicidal behaviour are lacking.Objectives:To determine the magnitude of suicidal behaviour among SLE patients and to examine predictors associated with suicidal behaviour.Methods:According to the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic literature review of the online databases, PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science, from inception to December 2020 (Figure 1). Full-text original articles that examined the relationship between SLE patients with suicidal behaviour were eligible for our review. Two reviewers independently review articles to assess eligibility using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Systematic reviews, metanalysis, narrative review, case reports, case series, including less than 10 patients and conference abstracts, were excluded.Results:Of the 64 articles identified, 22 were relevant to the study question; cross-sectional (n=8) and prospective cohorts (n=6) were the most frequently retrieved studies. Among the 27106 SLE patients with SLE, 802 had suicidal behaviour (2.9%), and of those, 87.9% were female. Suicide attempt occurred in 573/802 (71.4%) and complete suicide in 18/802 (2,3%). Major depressive disorder (MDD) was the most frequently reported coexisting psychiatric condition associated with suicidal behavior, followed by psychosis and social phobia. Several clinical manifestations were linked to suicidal behaviour, particularly neuropsychiatric lupus, mucocutaneous, renal involvement and serositis. Further, high scores in disease activity and damage indices were associated with suicidal behaviour.Conclusion:Suicidal behavior in SLE patients was associated with MDD, NPSLE, active disease and damage. Awareness of these findings can guide clinicians to recognize suicide behavior promptly and prevent suicide attempts.References:[1]Hajduk A, Nowicka-Sauer K, Smoleńska Ż, Czuszyńska Z, Zdrojewski Z. Prevalence and correlates of suicidal thoughts in patients with neuropsychiatric lupus. Lupus. 2016 Feb;25(2):185-92. doi: 10.1177/0961203315603136.[2]Buji RI, Abdul Murad NA, Chan LF, Maniam T, Mohd Shahrir MS, Rozita M, Shamsul AS, Mohamad Hussain R, Abdullah N, Jamal R, Nik Jaafar NR. Suicidal ideation in systemic lupus erythematosus: NR2A gene polymorphism, clinical and psychosocial factors. Lupus. 2018 Apr;27(5):744-752. doi: 10.1177/0961203317742711.Figure 1.A PRISMA chart describing the inclusion/exclusion processDisclosure of Interests:None declared