In patients receiving mechanical ventilation, rapid detection of sTREM-1 in bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid may be useful in establishing or excluding the diagnosis of bacterial or fungal pneumonia.

In newly admitted critically ill patients, measurement of plasma levels of soluble TREM-1 could help to rapidly identify those with infection.

No abstract

This prospective study, including inceptive and validation cohorts of unselected intensive care unit patients, demonstrates the high performance of a bioscore combining the PMN CD64 index together with PCT and sTREM-1 serum levels in diagnosing sepsis in the critically ill patient.

Although numerous uncertainties remain (type and the number of strains to use, delay and length of administration), and despite an acceptable safety profile, the daily prophylactic administration of probiotics cannot be encouraged in the critically ill patient.