Pertussis cases have been reported most frequently in developed countries, but they are predicted to be the most prevalent in developing countries. Indonesia, a developing country, routinely conducts case-based surveillance for pertussis. We reviewed the data on pertussis cases and close contacts based on clinical sample documents examined in the National Reference Laboratory for pertussis, Indonesia (2016–2020). Our objective was to analyze the laboratory and epidemiological aspects of pertussis cases and close contacts, particularly to evaluate the implementation of a 5-year case-based surveillance of pertussis in Indonesia. Data were collected from sample documents and annual laboratory reports between January 2016 and December 2020. We analyzed the proportion of pertussis cases and close contacts by geographic region, year, age, and sex. We used the χ2 test to correlate the laboratory and epidemiological data. In total, 274 clinical cases of pertussis and 491 close contacts were recorded in 15 provinces. The peak number of cases occurred in 2019, with a positivity rate (percentage of laboratory-confirmed cases) of 41.23% (47/114). Clinical cases were dominated by infants aged <1 year (55.5%), and 52.9% of them were aged <6 months. Similarly, 72.3% (68/94) of the laboratory-confirmed cases were infants. Both clinical cases and positivity rates tended to be higher in females (155 cases, 38.1%) than in males (119 cases, 29.4%). No confirmed cases were found in children aged ≥10 years, although positive results still occurred in close contact. Age-group and laboratory-confirmed cases were correlated (p = 0.00). Clinical and confirmed cases of pertussis occurred mostly in the early age group and may be lower in those aged ≥10 years, especially in confirmed cases. New policies are needed for pertussis prevention at an early age, as well as the application of serology tests to increase laboratory-confirmed cases in children aged ≥10 years.
The presence of the state has made Muslim groups live in places that are isolated from each other, limited by a region, and have their own governance arrangements. The government and these areas have left a very important impression and influence on changes and developments as well as the implementation of laws that have been built without limits on conventional power. This incident has brought about various changes, re-codification and renewal of Islamic legal regulations, including the area of family law, where in its application it is impossible to separate from the norms of Muslim life. The type of research used in this article is library research with a qualitative approach. The conclusions found that; Family law reform is very urgent and important to do due to current issues and problems. Regulation and codification of family law can not be separated from the speed and recent advances. The biggest of them is the increasing level of human rights at the world level, such as the rights to basic freedoms, justice, and guarantees for children's rights, which somewhat affect authoritative interactions in the field of legislation at the public level.
CAD merupakan sebuah aplikasi yang banyak di gunakan di perangkat berbasis computer untuk mempermudah perancangan suatu produk. Salah satu CAD system yang sering di gunakan adalah Solidworks, yang merupakan system perancang bangun terbaik yang berguna untuk mengerjakan desain produk. Penggunaan CAD pada perancangan produk mekanik sudah mampu memberi kemungkinan evaluasi perakitan saat rancangan awal. Penerapan CAD sistem telah banyak diimplementasikan untuk membantu memudahkan manusia melakukan aktivitas dan kegiatan lainnya.
Pembuatan dan penggunaan LKPD oleh guru saat ini masih belum sesuai. LKPD yang disiapkan oleh guru berupa pertanyaan untuk dijawab oleh siswa dan digunakan sebagai latihan selama proses pembelajaran di kelas. Guru selama ini memahami bahwa LKPD hanya berisi soal latihan yang dijawab siswa dan dapat mengukur sejauh mana siswa mampu menjawab dengan benar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendesain sebuah LKPD Pembelajaran bahasa Arab dengan model STAD pada tema pelajaran “hobi”. Dalam artikel ini, penelitian menggunakan metode “Research and Development” dari Borg & Gall, yang terdiri dari beberapa tahap: (1) analisis kebutuhan dan masalah, (2) pengumpulan data, (3) desain produksi, (4) validasi produksi, (5) peningkatan produksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LKPD Pembelajaran bahasa Arab dengan model STAD pada tema pelajaran “الهواية” layak untuk digunakan.
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