Extended Data Fig. 3 | Cytopathic effect on Vero cell line of MPXV/France/IRBA2211i/2022 strain (optical microscopy 20x). Experiments were performed twice.
Cowpox virus (CPXV) has an animal reservoir and is typically transmitted to humans by contact with infected animals. In 2017, CPXV infection of a pregnant woman in France led to the death of her fetus. Fetal death after maternal orthopoxvirus (smallpox) vaccination has been reported; however, this patient had not been vaccinated. Investigation of the patient’s domestic animals failed to demonstrate prevalence of CPXV infection among them. The patient’s diagnosis was confirmed by identifying CPXV DNA in all fetal and maternal biopsy samples and infectious CPXV in biopsy but not plasma samples. This case of fetal death highlights the risk for complications of orthopoxvirus infection during pregnancy. Among orthopoxviruses, fetal infection has been reported for variola virus and vaccinia virus; our findings suggest that CPXV poses the same threats for infection complications as vaccinia virus.
The ongoing monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak is the largest ever recorded outside of Africa. Genomic analysis revealed a divergent phylogenetic lineage within clade 3, and atypical clinical presentations have been noted. We report the sequencing and isolation of the virus from the first clinical case diagnosed in France in May 2022. We tested the in vitro effect of tecovirimat (ST-246), a FDA approved drug, against this novel strain, showing efficacy at the nanomolar range. In comparison, cidofovir showed activity at micromolar concentrations. These results and the safety profile of tecovirimat strongly support its use in clinical care of severe forms for the 2022 MPXV outbreak.
Objective
A better understanding of immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection is critical to predict its dynamics within general population and its impact on vaccination strategy. We assessed both neutralizing antibody (Nab) activity persistence and SARS-CoV-2 serology in serum samples of mild and asymptomatic patients nine months post symptom onset (PSO) in a primary care context among immunocompetent adults.
Methods
A longitudinal cohort of crewmembers (CM) exposed to COVID-19 during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on the French aircraft carrier in April 2020 was created. CM infected with COVID-19 and having a positive serology at the end of quarantine were tested at 9-months PSO. Samples were collected at 18 and 280-days PSO. For each patient, both serology and serum viral neutralizing activity were performed.
Results
We analyzed 86 CM. Samples were collected at 18 and 280-days PSO. The seroconversion rate was 100% and 93% (82/86) at 18 and 280 days, respectively, while 72.7% of patients exhibited Persistent Nab at 9 months, regardless of disease severity.
Conclusion
Nab persists up to 9 months following asymptomatic/mild COVID-19 among young adults regardless of serology results at that time.
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