Denne artikkelen utforsker hva som skjer når ungdomsskoleelever får arbeide med fagspesifikke problemer i norsk på egen hånd. Problemet elevene møter og samtaler om er novellen «Brønnen» av Roy Jacobsen, en tekst som byr på litteraturfaglige utfordringer knyttet til form og innhold. Analysen gjennomføres i to steg. I første steg rettes oppmerksomheten mot timen og alle samtalene i klasserommet som fenomenologisk helhet, for å fange opp og formidle forskernes opplevelse av stemning og engasjement blant elevene. Deretter analyseres én av samtalene mer inngående som et kritisk case for å underbygge og validere den første analysen. Analysene gjøres i lys av James Paul Gees diskursanalytiske building tasks, med særlig interesse for tilskriving av signifikans – det vi vil kalle verdsetting. Analysen viser at elevene verdsetter å samtale om fagspesifikke problemer på egen hånd, og dette diskuteres i lys av James Paul Gees og Elisabeth Hayes’ læringsteori om affinitetsrom (2012).Nøkkelord: fagspesifikke problemer, affinitetsrom, fagspesifikk literacy-praksis, litteratursamtaler AbstractThis article explores what happens when pupils in lower secondary school work with subject-specific problems in the Norwegian subject by themselves. The problem that these students encounter and talk about, is the short story “Brønnen” by Roy Jacobsen. This short story is a text that offers literary challenges relating to both style and content. The analysis is conducted in two steps. First, the attention is drawn to the classroom and to all the conversations understood as a phenomenological whole. This is done in order to capture and convey the researchers' experience of mood and engagement among the students. Second, one of the conversations, seen as a critical case, is analysed in depth for the purpose of underpinning and validating the first analysis. This analysis is conducted in the light of James Paul Gee's discourse-analytical building tasks, paying particular attention to significance. The analysis shows that students appreciate being provided with opportunities to explore subject-specific problems by themselves. James Paul Gee’s and Elisabeth Hayes’ (2012) learning theory on affinity spaces provides the backdrop for the discussion of this finding.Keywords: subject-specific problems, affinity spaces, disciplinary literacy-practice, literary conversations
Bakhtin is a source of theoretical inspiration for educational research. This article will be an attempt to activate also Bakhtin’s analytical practice and his methodology. I will explore and elaborate the typology of discursive relations which are suggested in Bakhtin’s book on Problems of Dostoevsky’ Poetics (Bakhtin ,1984), and the potential application of it in the study of discourse in the classroom. In order to do so properly it will be necessary to activate Bakhtin’s understanding of the utterance as a meaningful unity, and thus also the problem of authorship and the relationship between author and hero.Bakhtin’s analytical practice can be considered a consistent methodology for the study of literature in schools as well as in the scholarly study of literature (cf. Skaftun, 2009; 2010), and I have called it dialogic discourse analysis (DDA). The first main part of the article elaborates key features of DDA in dialogue with Bakhtin’s work. In the other main part, DDA is applied to educational settings in order to enter the educational dialogue on how to make sense of authorship and the adhering conception of the classroom as a text. My ambition here is primarily to elaborate DDA as a powerful and dynamic toolkit also for educational research. In doing so I also hope to contribute to the ongoing work of transferring Bakhtin’s dialogism as a whole from the study of literature to the study of education. Examples will in part be drawn from literature, but for the most part from educational settings.
This socio-culturally informed qualitative study examines digitalised classrooms in Norwegian secondary schools, with a focus on the relationship between information and communication technology (ICT) and dialogic aspects of literacy practices. In the article, we foreground two cases: one on the use of digital mind maps and one on a writing process with online response. These cases display productive results of the tensions between old practices and new technology in that they open up spaces for dialogic interaction. This experience calls for a deeper historical contextualisation, and in the article, we refer to different time scales: First, the restricted time scale of practices observed in the local school contexts over an academic year; second, the somewhat wider perspective of 20-30 years of educational research addressing technological innovation; and third, the extensive time scale of cultural history, with an analogy to the slow move from orality to literacy in ancient Greece. On this basis we suggest the term 'transitional practices' as an appropriate reference to all of these three timescales. Against this background, the glimpses of dialogue observed are seen as promising precursors of future development, but also as vulnerable plant shoots that may very well shrivel and die if they are not supported.
The present protocol describes the background, theoretical framework and methods for a qualitative study of co-taught, Norwegian, L1 classrooms-The Seaside case. The participants are six classes and their teachers from six different schools in the Seaside municipality. All classes had one extra teacher in all 8 L1 Norwegian lessons each week, in Year One and Year Two. Co-teaching provides pedagogic potential and flexibility and can enhance students' learning. However, evidence from teacher-student ratio research is inconsistent across contexts (Solheim et al., 2017; Solheim & Opheim, 2018), and there is also a need for studies exploring connections specifically in the Norwegian school context. Our overarching research questions are: (1) What characterizes literacy practices in L1 initial co-taught literacy lessons? (2) How is the extra teacher resource utilized in L1 initial co-taught literacy lessons, and what characterizes interaction, patterns of discourse, organization and roles in the classroom (teachers and students)? (3) What are the students' conditions for participation, engagement and dialogue in L1 initial co-taught literacy lessons?
Abstract*norskArtikkelen er opprinnelig publisert i Leseboka. Leseopplaering i alle fag (Skaftun, Solheim, & Uppstad, 2015), og er et forsøk på å formulere et helhetlig perspektiv på lesing og literacy som bakgrunn for å forstå leseopplaering og fagenes literacy. Ulike forskningsinteresser blir knyttet sammen ved at literacy diskuteres som et spørsmål om tilgang på tre nivå: til skriften, til teksten og til tekstkulturen. Denne forståelsesrammen legges til grunn for å beskrive literacy opplaeringen i skolen som en prosess der elevene kan inviteres til å delta i fagspesifikke og mer generelt et akademisk fellesskap. Kjernen i dette fellesskapet er en ambisjon om å stimulere elevenes språklige tenking gjennom erfaring med ulike tenkemåter i de ulike fagene, slik at de samlet tilegner seg et mangfold av strategier å velge blant i møtet med tekster og situasjoner som kaller på forståelse og sunn dømmekraft. Et slikt helhetlig perspektiv på literacy tilfører dybde til forståelsen av lesing som grunnleggende ferdighet.Nøkkelord: Leseopplaering; literacy; fagenes literacy; tilgangskompetanse Abstract*engelskThis article is originally published as part of Leseboka. Leseopplaering i alle fag (Skaftun, Solheim, & Uppstad, 2015). It represents an attempt at establishing an integrated perspective on literacy education and literacy in the school disciplines. Different research interests are tied together in a discussion of literacy as a matter of access on three levels: On the level of the written code, of the textual meaning, and that of participation in a text culture. This framework is applied in a description of literacy education as a process where the students may be invited to take part in subject-specific and a more general academic community. The core value in this community is an ambition to stimulate the use of language as a means of thinking by providing experience from the different subjects. As a result, the students should aquire a repertoire of strategies and an ability to choose from this repertoire in a flexible way when facing texts and situations calling for sound judgement. An integrated perspective on literacy might add depth to the understanding of basic literacy skills.
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