ResumoAs Orchidaceae são muito apreciadas por suas flores exóticas e exuberantes. É a maior família de plantas apresentando mais de 24000 espécies, o que denota uma alta diversidade de formas e adaptações a diferentes ambientes, como também para atração, engano e manipulação de visitantes na realização da polinização cruzada. Cattleya eldorado ocorre em áreas de campinas, que são formações vegetais típicas da região amazônica, que se encontram sob forte ação antrópica. Este trabalho tem como um de seus principais objetivos conhecer parte dos processos biológicos de C. eldorado fornecendo subsídios para conservá-la e manejá-la em seu habitat natural. Este estudo foi desenvolvido na Reserva Biológica de Campina, de 2000 a 2006, durante a sua floração. C. eldorado é uma espécie epifítica que apresenta a síndrome de melitofilia, estando adaptada ao seu polinizador, a abelha Eulaema mocsaryi, que reconhece suas flores pelo odor e pelo estímulo visual através de sua coloração e reflexão de luz ultravioleta. C. eldorado é uma espécie autocompatível, embora necessite de um agente polinizador para a transferência do polinário até sua deposição na cavidade estigmática da flor. PalavRas-Chave: Euglossina, melitofilia, orquídea. Reproductive biology of Cattleya eldorado, a species of Orchidaceae from the Amazonian white sand campinas* abstRaCtThe orchid plants are highly prized for their lush exotic flowers. It is the largest plant family with more than 24000 species, which indicates a high diversity of forms and adaptations to different environments, including the capacity to attract, deceive and manipulate visitors involved in cross-pollination. Cattleya eldorado occurs in areas of white sand campinas, a typical vegetation type of the Amazon region, which is under strong anthropogenic pressure. This work's main objectives to know the biological processes of C. eldorado providing subsidies to maintain and manage it in its natural habitat. This study was conducted from 2000 to 2006 in the Campina Biological Reserve, during its flowering period. C. eldorado is an epiphytic orchid species that has the melittophyly syndrome and is adapted to its pollinator, the bee Eulaema mocsaryi recognizing their flowers by smell and by visual stimuli, through their color and reflection of ultraviolet light. C. eldorado is self-compatible, even if it requires a pollinating agent for the transfer of the pollinarium until its deposition in the stigmatic cavity of the flower.
Produtos agrícolas e florestais como alimento de tambaqui 293 Notas CientíficasProdutos agrícolas e florestais como alimento suplementar de tambaqui em policultivo com jaraqui Agricultural and forest products as supplementary feeding for tambaqui in polyculture with jaraquiAbstract -The objective of this paper was to evaluate the performance of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) in a polyculture trial with jaraqui (Semaprochilodus insignis), using agricultural and forest products as supplementary feeding for tambaqui. Two ponds, measuring 644 m 2 (Pond A, associated with pigs) and 1,075 m 2 (Pond B, non associated), were stocked with 0.5 tambaqui/m 2 and 0.1 jaraqui/m 2 . After 371 days, tambaqui showed a mean growth from 18.6±4.5 g to 997.1±195.08 g in Pond A, and from 81.4±18.8 g to 519.9±191.7 g in Pond B. Feeding management of Pond A may be a sustainable alternative of tambaqui production in substitution to commercial rations.
Foi testado o potencial de crescimento e de produção de jaraquis em açude de igarapé de terra firme, de águas quimicamente pobres, utilizando resíduos de lavagem de dejetos de criação de suínos como fonte de alimento e de adubação orgânica. Em período experimental de 383 dias, à taxa de estocagem de 1 peixe / m2, a produção foi de 1277 kg/ha, com crescimento análogo àquele obtido em ambiente natural. As condições físico-químicas da água do açude foram acompanhadas mensalmente. Os resultados evidenciam que os jaraqui apresentam um bom potencial para cultivo na Amazônia.
RESUMOFui còtudado o c-rescimcnte de matrinclia {Bfiycon ίμ.) g ,ía"u'«Hi < iSemaptiochiZodaò
Matrinxã is a very promising amazonian fish for fish culture in Brazil. This study is aimed at determining the approximate tolerated temperature range in this species. Groups of ten young matrinxã specimens (15.1±0.8 cm average length and 58.3±10.3 g average weight) were subjected to 9 different temperatures for 24 hours without previous acclimation. Fish were transferred from an initial temperature of 27ºC to those ranging from 12 to 39ºC at 3ºC intervals. Both 12ºC and 39ºC temperatures were lethal for this species with 100% mortality rate. Following 2 minutes of exposure to 39ºC fish changed behavior, showing an increase in opercular movements and erratic swimming; mortality reached 100% after 18 minutes. At 12ºC, fish lost equilibrium immediately after exposure and started swimming erratically; after only 4 minutes fish became lethargic and remained immobile on the bottom of the tank. Total mortality was only evident following 24 hours. At 15ºC matrinxã lost equilibrium after 5 to 6 minutes of exposure but mortality was only 20% after 24 hours. Fish tolerated well temperatures ranging from 18 to 36ºC with 100% survival after 24 hours. This preliminary study suggests that temperatures between 18 and 36ºC are the approximate range normally tolerated by this species, although survival at other temperatures may be increased by gradually acclimating fish to the more severe increases or decreases in temperature. In addition, it indicates that matrinxã may be cultivated over a wide geographical area.
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