SummaryThe fluorescent banded somatic karyotypes of Corchorus capsularis, C. olitorius and C. trilocularis showed 14 more or less equal sized metacentric chromosomes each. The orcein stained interphase nuclei revealed the presence of a big nucleolus surrounded by a clear non-staining zone.Moreover, the nucleoli were associated with a pair of prominent dots. All of these characteristics make their interphase nucleus unique. Only 2 CMA-stained satellites were found in the interphase,prophase, prometaphase and metaphase plates of these 3 species. These bands indicate the presence of stable GC-rich sequences at the satellited region of these species. The size of satellites and the length of the satellited chromosomes were found nearly same in these species. Two chromosomes of C. capsularis, however, contained one interstitial CMA-positive band in each. The 2 satellited chromosomes of C. capsularis, C. olitorius and C. trilocularis had 2 DAPI-negative bands at the satellited regions.One interstitial DAPI-positive band was found in C. capsularis. These chromosomes could easily be identified with CMA and DAPI. The base specific banding similarity of their chromosome suggests that their genomes may derive from a common ancestor.

Edamame, or vegetable soybean, has gained popularity in the United States, likely due to its nutritional quality, purported human health benefits, and flavor. Little information is available about the performance of current edamame cultivars in Florida areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate yield and production potential of edamame genotypes in northern Florida. Nineteen genotypes (based on preliminary study) were selected and planted at two locations (Jay and Citra) to evaluate phenotypic performance, including emergence, plant height, nodes per plant, 100-green seed weight, fresh pod yield, percentage of 1-, 2-, and 3-seeded pods, total lipid concentration, and total protein content. Genotypes and locations showed a significant effect on most of the traits studied. Edamame grown at Jay produced significantly higher yield and 100-green seed weight than the plants grown at Citra. Two early maturing genotypes (PI614832 and PI584470) and one late maturing genotype (PI633424) showed high yield potential, >30 g of 100-green seed weight, and high protein content at Jay. In addition, PI417206 showed the highest 100-green seed weight across locations (50.81 g) and demonstrated moderate yield potential with high protein content and low lipid concentration and may be a suitable candidate for cultivation in different areas in Florida after further evaluation. Number of pods per plant and 100-green seed weight significantly correlated with pod yield, could be considered as selection tool for edamame yield under Florida growing conditions. This study has established a basic knowledge on edamame production for Florida growers and selected lines suitable for the region.

The rising concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (aCO2) and increasing temperature are the main reasons for climate change, which are significantly affecting crop production systems in this world. However, the elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration can improve the growth and development of crop plants by increasing photosynthetic rate (higher availability of photoassimilates). The combined effects of elevated CO2 (eCO2) and temperature on crop growth and carbon metabolism are not adequately recognized, while both eCO2 and temperature triggered noteworthy changes in crop production. Therefore, to increase crop yields, it is important to identify the physiological mechanisms and genetic traits of crop plants which play a vital role in stress tolerance under the prevailing conditions. The eCO2 and temperature stress effects on physiological aspects as well as biochemical profile to characterize genotypes that differ in their response to stress conditions. The aim of this review is directed the open-top cavities to regulate the properties like physiological, biochemical, and yield of crops under increasing aCO2, and temperature. Overall, the extent of the effect of eCO2 and temperature response to biochemical components and antioxidants remains unclear, and therefore further studies are required to promote an unperturbed production system.

Pesticides are recognized to be the threat to the environment and associated with a wide range of serious diseases including respiratory diseases, cancer and even birth defects. In this study, six-different bacterial strains capable of degrading Carbofuran, Emamectin Benzoate and Thiamethoxam were isolated from eight different soil samples. The isolates were characterized by using different conventional and molecular methods. The strains were identified molecularly into different genotypes using amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and partial sequencing of 16S rDNA. The ARDRA pattern clustered them into 3 groups. Among the isolates three were identified as Achromobacter spp. and one as Diaphorobacter sp. by biochemical tests. It was further confirmed by the partial 16S rDNA sequencing. The two identified potential bacteria can be used for biodegradation of different pesticides which can have a significant environmental impact in soil farm. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 35 Number 2 December 2018, pp 90-94

In planta growth of Zymoseptoria tritici, causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch of wheat, during the infection process has remained an understudied topic due to the long symptomless latent period before the emergence of fruiting bodies. In this study, we attempted to understand the relationship between in planta growth of Z. tritici relative to the primary components of aggressiveness, i.e., latent period and pycnidia coverage in regard to contrasting host resistance. We tested isolates collected from Ireland against the susceptible cultivar Gallant and cultivar Stigg, which has strong partial resistance. A clear isolate−host interaction effect (F = 3.018; P = 0.005, and F = 6.008; P < 0.001) for latent period and pycnidia coverage, respectively, was identified. Furthermore, during the early infection phase of latency from 5 to 11 days postinoculation (dpi), in planta growth rate of fungal biomass was significantly (F = 30.06; P < 0.001) more affected by host resistance than isolate specificity (F = 1.27; P = 0.27), indicating the importance of host resistance in the early infection phase. In planta Z. tritici growth rates in cultivar Gallant spiked between 11 and 16 dpi followed by a continuous fall onward, whereas in cultivar Stigg it was slowly progressive in nature. From correlation and regression analysis, we found that the in planta growth rate preceding the average latent period of cultivar Gallant has more influence on latency duration and pycnidia production. Likewise, correlation between component of aggressiveness and in planta growth rate of pathogen supports our understanding of aggressiveness to be driven by the pathogen’s multiplication capacity within host tissue.