Background: This study was conducted to assess the therapeutic effect of Myrrh on Diethylnitrosamine (DEN)induced hepatocarcinogenesis (HCC) in male albino rats. Methods: Fifty male albino rats were divided into five groups (10 rats each). Group 1 (control group) received distilled water. Group 2 (positive control) was injected intraperitoneally with DEN (55 mg/kg b.w) twice a week for two weeks, while group 3 (DOX) received doxorubicin i.p (10 mg/ kg b.w) after concomitant with DEN twice a week for four weeks. Groups 4 and 5 received a low dose of Myrrh (250 mg/kg b.w) and a high dose of Myrrh (500 mg/kg b.w) respectively daily for four weeks after the induction with DEN. The sera were used to estimate the liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP), Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and Tumor necrosis factor-ἁ (TNF-ἁ). Also, the liver tissues were collected to determine the oxidative stress markers in addition to the histopathological and immunohistochemical investigations. Results: The results showed that the induction of DEN causes a significant increase in the level of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP), AFP and TNF-ἁ as well as produce oxidative stress indicated by increasing of malondialdehyde (MDA) with the reduction in TAC and glutathione (GSH). Meanwhile, there are noticeable histopathological lesions with loss of hepatic architecture. This was accompanied by a significant increase of immunohistochemical markers; Caspase-3, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) percentage area. The treatment of DEN rats with DOX reduced the alterations in most parameters. A marked amelioration of all parameters in a dose-dependent manner of Myrrh to the values almost near to those of the control group. Conclusion: Our data revealed that Water extract of Myrrh (C. molmol) has a potential therapeutic effect in attenuation of HCC induced DEN.
Background: Hyperthyroidism is a disorder that occurs when the thyroid gland secretes more thyroid hormone than the body needs. Thyroid hormone is essential for the normal growth and development of normal organs. Polyherb (POH) formulation has proven to be useful in number of diseases and has been used in folk medicine as an anti-hyperthyroidism, anti-oxidant, and appetitestimulating agent. The aim of the study was to evaluate the curative effect of POH against L-thyroxin (LT4)-induced hyperthyroidism in male rats. Methods: Seven groups (10 rats each) were used for this purpose. Determination of phytochemical analysis, oxidative stress markers, brain appetite marker and cell energy marker were determined via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. Thyroid hormones were detected via ELISA, and liver functions were determined by colorimetric method. Results: The data showed that LT4 altered thyroid function via decreasing serum Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), serum total protein, albumin and globulin, while increasing Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4), and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Moreover, oxidative stress markers in liver tissues were increased, via up-regulation of nitric oxide (NO), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG). Meanwhile, glutathione (GSH) and ATP were alleviated; in contrast, metabolites of ADP and AMP were elevated. Neuronal appetite marker in brain tissue was decreased via low serotonin levels. On the other hand, rat groups treated with POH and Carbimazole (CBZ) showed markedly amelioration of hyperthyroidism in rats at low dose only but did not show complete amelioration at high dose of POH. The data were confirmed through histopathological examination of the thyroid. Conclusion: The data obtained demonstrated that POH, at low dose, can be very effective for completely treating hyperthyroidism in rats, and was safer than Carbimazole (CBZ) and ameliorated most signaling pathways and in different tissues.
1. Background: Diethylnitrosamine (DENA) is dietary carcinogen. It is known as cancer initiator in various organs. The present study investigated the destructive changes of DENA in liver and colon and the possible therapeutic effects of doxorubicin (DOX); pyridazine derivative (MDP) and lactobacillus casei (LAB) against DENA induced dysplasia in liver and colon. 2. Methods: 3. Lactobacillus casei were tested for their probiotic properties and prepared for rat administration. Sixty adult male albino rats were divided into six groups. A normal control group received the vehicle; DENA group was injected intraperitoneally (ip) with 55mg/kg body weight twice per week for six weeks. DENA+MDP group received MDP at a dose of 10mg/kg (ip) twice per week for the next 4 weeks after DENA administration; DENA+DOX group received DOX at a dose of 10mg/kg (ip) twice per week for the next 4 weeks after DENA administration; DENA+LAB received LAB orally at a dose of (1.5 x 10 9 CFU) twice per week for the next 4 weeks after DENA administration. DENA+MDP+DOX group received both MDP and DOX as the aforementioned before. Sera, liver and colon were obtained after the end of experiment. Serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase were detected as well as glutathione peroxidase (GSHPX), nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Histo-pathological studies and immune-histochemical examination of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were done.Morphometric study was performed. All measurements were followed by statistical analysis. 4. Results: DENA induced significant increase in liver enzymes with significant increase in oxidation and inflammation biomarkers and AFP and CEA. Histologically, DENA showed degenerative changes in hepatocytes and dysplastic aberrant crypt foci in colon. Liver and colon displayed increased cytoplasmic and nuclear immune-expression of HO-1. Therapeutic groups showed partial improvement in biochemical parameters and histological structure. However, Lactobacillus casei showed the best result in attenuating pathological and biochemical changes in liver and colon. 5. Conclusion: Lactobacillus casei displayed a potential anti-tumorigenic activity against DENA in liver and colon. This may be exerted via HO-1 modulation and suppression of oxidation and inflammation.
The study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of wheat germ oil (WGO) against hepatotoxicity induced during treatment with the combination of two anti-tubercular (anti-TB) drugs, Isoniazid (INH) and Rifampicin (RIF) in rats. Fatty acid and Vit E. contents of WGO were assayed by GC-MS and HPLC respectively. Rats received WGO at two different doses (250 and 500 mg/kg. body weight, p. o, for 30 days) 30 minutes before Anti-TB drugs. Liver functions test, inflammatory mediator marker (IL-10 and NF-κB), oxidative stress (GSH, MDA) and NO were determined with different techniques. Furthermore, histological findings, immunohistochemical and ultra-structure were carried out. In-vitro analysis of the WGO revealed that linoleic and oleic acids were the major compounds, and WGO was rich in vitamin E. Significant elevation in liver enzymes, NF-κB, and depletion in IL-10, along with a disturbance in the antioxidant defense systems. Meanwhile, WGO improves all these changes in a dose-dependent manner as compared with the anti-TB intoxicated group. The hepatoprotective effect of WGO was confirmed with immune histochemical and histopathological findings. WGO has a hepatoprotective effect against hepatotoxicity induced by combined therapy of anti-TB drugs (INH+RIF).
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