Background. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) have a negative impact on quality of life, and dentists are at risk of WMSDs due to the nature of work being static, repetitious, and for a long duration. The study was aimed at measuring the prevalence and distribution of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and determining the risk factors associated with affliction among Pakistani dentists. Methods. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted using a validated questionnaire consisting of four sections. The first section had questions related to sociodemographic information, the second section had questions that assessed the intensity and frequency of musculoskeletal pain (MSP), third section questions were concerned with the effect of MSP on the respondents’ daily life, while the last section contained questions on whether they perceived their work in the dental clinic as a cause of their pain. Chi-square and one-way ANOVA tests were used for the analysis of the data in SPSS-23. Results. A total of 600 completely filled questionnaires were received with a response rate of 76.4%, and about 87% of the dental practitioners had some sort of MSD. The intensity and frequency of WMSDs were statistically significant ( p < 0.05 ) in association with all the sociodemographic characteristics. The lower back area was the most reported site of WMSD pain (51.3%) followed by the neck/upper back (21.3%) and shoulder (17.6%). The site of pain was statistically significant ( p < 0.05 ) in association with all the sociodemographic characteristics except gender ( p = 0.11 ). A majority of participants (95.4%) had sought medical treatment and taken sick leaves (70%) due to WMSDs pain during their life. Participants attributed a number of working years and working posture as the two main reasons behind WMSDs. Conclusion. Considering the high prevalence of WMSDs among dentists, preventive strategies that minimize the occurrence of WMSDs should be adopted by dental professionals. The impact of WMSDs can be reduced by maintaining good posture, taking breaks and rest in between work, doing regular exercise, and improving the work environment.

Dental anxiety is one of the most common conditions present amongst the masses globally. It is this fear that makes individuals avoid seeking dental treatment which results in a deteriorated oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Discrepancies exist in the prevalence of dental anxiety based on gender, education levels, level of deprivation of a society and its socioeconomic status. In this study, a sample size of 522 respondents was collected. Kuppuswamy’s socioeconomic status scale and modified dental anxiety scales were used to collect the necessary data. These data were analyzed by cross tabbing and chi-square test of significance was applied to assess the association between dental anxiety and other factors. Female gender was significantly associated with dental anxiety with p-value = 0.03. Higher education levels and dental anxiety also displayed significant associations with each other, with a p-value of 0.048. Seventy-six percent of the individuals of lower socioeconomic status were prone to be more dentally anxious. Dental anxiety was more significant in individuals with higher levels of education in our study. Respondents who were part of a lower socioeconomic class were also more prone to being anxious while receiving dental treatment. Knowing the factors that cause dental anxiety can help dentists effectively manage and treat their patients.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of cusps of the carabelli in dental OPD patients. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Dental Outdoor, Ibn-e-Sina Hospital Multan. Period: June 2021 to July 2021. Material & Methods: Consent was taken from the patients and from parents of the children under the age of 10 years. Data was collected on a predesigned proforma. All patients attending the outdoor department of Ibn-e-sihna hospital, Multan were included and were examined on the patient examination chair for the present and absence of cusps of carabelli. A total of 400 patients were included in study during this period that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results: A total of 400 patients were examined during this period and frequency of carabelli trait is 53.75%. Majority of study population with carabelli trait was females but the difference was not statistically significant with p value of 0.075. Most of the patients have bilateral presence of cusp of carabelli and in unilateral cases, majority were on right side but the difference was not significant (P-Value 0.085). Conclusion: So it can be concluded from the study of the carabelli trait common in our population and also that it has regional variation in its prevalence. It is usually bilateral and more common in men and mostly in the form of pit.