Background: The key objective of pharmacology education is to make graduates competent enough to prescribe safely and effectively. There is worldwide speculation of inadequacy of pharmacology education to achieve the expected learning outcomes. Problem-based pharmacotherapy is considered as one of the crucial way to prepare future physicians as rational prescribers. As assessment drives learning priorities, adequate weightage on problem-based questions in undergraduate pharmacology examination might be helpful. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the undergraduate pharmacology written question papers (SAQ) of MBBS curriculum of 07 different universities (Bangladesh University of Professionals, University of Dhaka, University of Chittagong, University of Rajshahi, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Chittagong and Gono Bishwabidyalay) of Bangladesh in last 10 years (January 2010 to November 2019). Total 131 question papers were collected, and trend and weightage of problem-based questions were evaluated. Results: Problem-based questions have been reduced dramatically over the decade and mean percentage of marks allocated for problem-based questions was 1.2 (SD1.3) over last years. There was significant difference (<0.00001) of weightage of problem-based questions among different universities of Bangladesh. Highest presence of problem-based question was observed in Gono Bishwabidyalay (GB), followed by Shahjalal University of Science and Technology (SUST), University of Rajshahi (RU) and Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP) but there was not a single problem-based question in University of Dhaka (DU), University of Chittagong (CU) and University of Science and Technology (USTC) over 10 years period. Conclusion: Current study revealed negligible presence of problem-based questions in undergraduate pharmacology written question papers of Bangladesh over 10 years period.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of e-learning (virtual class) in achieving procedural knowledge necessary to conduct practical class in the laboratory. In this study, teaching modules were prepared on eight selected topic related to pharmacology laboratory works. Virtual classes were conducted among the postgraduate MD students (n=26) of this Department. To know the existing procedural knowledge pre-test was taken before the classes and to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual class, a post-test was carried out seven days later. To get the feedback from students, two additional questionnaire surveys were done. The performance of each student improved in the post-test in comparison to the pre-test. Most of the students mentioned that virtual class was easier in comparison to face to face class. But they preferred combination classes to learn procedural knowledge.
The study showed the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare expenses including the price of medicines, protective equipment, medical devices, healthcare facilities, and food. A self-administered questionnaire was used as the data collection tool and 400 people from different Bangladesh divisions (Dhaka, Chittagong, Barisal, Khulna, Mymensingh, Rajshahi, and Sylhet) participated in this study. Multiple regression analysis was used to estimate the impact of independent variables on dependent variables. R programming environment was used to perform the statistical analysis. Cronbach’s alpha was used for determination of reliability and found acceptable internal consistency. The price of protective equipment (POPE), the price of a healthcare facilities (POHCF), the consequences of rising prices (CRP), and COVID-19 were independent variables. COVID-19 (CRP) was a dependent variable that measured COVID-19’s impact (IC). The results of the regression analysis indicated a positive and significant impact of POPE, POHCF, and CRP on IC. However, the variance explained was still low (54.4%). Bangladesh should control the prices of all goods and services because of their influence on the impact of COVID-19. Future research should be conducted to discover other variables that affect the impact of COVID-19.
Background: Prioritizing problem-oriented undergraduate medical education is paramount to adequate management of pain in real life scenarios. The present research was conducted with an attempt to explore the important baseline information for pain medicine education and evaluation within pharmacology curricula of MBBS course in Bangladesh. Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study evaluates the curriculum (Pharmacology of MBBS curriculum, 2012), and written question (SAQ) of MBBS Examination of last ten years extending from January 2010 to November,2019 of all 7 universities offering MBBS degree. The evaluation was conducted through searching certain key phrases. Results: In Pharmacology and Therapeutics portion of the curriculum, only 4 hours and 2 hours are allocated to discuss pain management in lecture and tutorial respectively. In the study period, average marks allocated in pharmacology written question papers was 4.4 (SD ± 2.7) and the difference among studied universities was not significant (p value 0.7). Conclusion: Allocated time in the curricula to teach pain management is very low and weightage received in assessment is also inadequate. Education on pain medication as well as management should receive more emphasis. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.21 (2); July 2022; Page 48-51
Background: COVID-19, one of the worst pandemics in humankinds history on December 2019. Clinical presentations of COVID-19 patients are varied and being closely similar to those of seasonal flu, its difficult to differentiate it on first presentation as COVID. Clinical scenario and demographic characteristics provide important guideline in the management of COVID. Materials and Methods: The objective of this cross-sectional study was to explore the demographic characteristics and clinical features of COVID-19 patients admitted in a Combined Military Hospital of Bangladesh. Data were collected from treatment records of patients of the CMH Bogura during the period of June 2020 to August 2020. Total 219 RT-PCR positive admitted patients were included as study population. Result: Among 219 patients, 78.6% were male and 21.5% female. Mean age of patients was 34.3 (12.2). Highest percentages (67.2%) of patients were from age group 21-40 years. 85.4% of the patients had no comorbidities, and hypertension (10.1%) was the most common comorbidity. Most (83.1%) of the admitted patients were diagnosed as mild cases. 96.4% cases were symptomatic and fever (84.5%) was the most common symptoms of COVID, followed by dry cough (46.6%), sore throat (19.6%), headache (18.3%), bodyache (17.8%), loss of appetite (15.5%), tiredness (15.5%) and anorexia (14.2%). Conclusion: This single center study revealed younger age, male predominance, less presence of comorbidites, mild cases, high proportion of symptomatic patients, and fever and cough as the most common presenting features among the admitted COVID-19 patients in CMH Bogura.
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