Healthy women were enrolled over a four month time period as part of an ongoing project by the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit (SMRU) among the female migrant and refugee population living at the Thailand-Myanmar border with a target enrolment of 300. No exclusion criteria specific to G6PD status were applied; therefore, the sample is believed to represent the general female population of the area. A venous blood sample was taken from each participant and transported within eight hours to the central laboratory for analyses. Laboratory methods Screening for glucose-6-phosphate-dehydgrogenase (G6PD) deficiency using the Fluorescent Spot Test (R&D Diagnostic, Greece). Five microliters of blood were mixed with reagents, spotted on filter paper after 10 minutes of incubation and allowed to air-dry over 20 minutes. Spots were visualized under ultraviolet light and normal or deficient phenotype assigned based on fluorescence. Quantitative phenotype was assessed by spectrophotometry according to WHO protocol on whole blood depleted of white blood cells [1]. G6PD activity was calculated after normalization with hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and expressed as percentage of the population median which was previously established using the same technique. Statistical analysis Three categories of G6PD activity were chosen: <30%, 30-69% and >70%. The percentage of women in each of those categories was calculated using R statistical software [2]. Results 322 women were enrolled in the study. Of those who were enrolled, 5.0% (16/322) had less than 30% G6PD activity and 15.8% (51/322) tested as having between 30 and 69% G6PD activity.
Herbs can affect body function; therefore, when herbs are taken concurrently with drugs, interactions are possible. The interaction between drugs and herbal medicines is a safe concern and these interactions are especially important for drugs with narrow therapeutics index. The probability of herb-drug interaction can be higher than drug interaction, if conventional drug having single chemical entities, whereas most of the herbal medicinal product contain a mixture of pharmacologically active constituents. The herb-drug interaction may involve either an increase or decrease in the amount of drug in blood, either by altering the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) of drug and by antagonizing or synergism of the effect of drug or pharmacodynamics interaction may arise. This article we focus on how garlic interacts with conventional drug or it is favourable or not.
CYP3A isoforms account for about 30% of total hepatic P450s. Most statins have been accepted probes for CYP3A4. The metabolic ratio of atorvastatin/ortho-hydroxyatorvastatin showed a bimodal distribution with respect to metabolism of atorvastatin. These observations showed that the frequency of occurrence of the poor metabolizer phenotype is 2.4 % in the Gujarat subjects.
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