Background: In Bangladesh, cervical cancer (CC) is the 2nd most common cancer with estimated 8068 new cases and 5,214 deaths every year. It is also revealed that different socio-demographic factors have association with CC. This study was performed to evaluate the colposcopy outcomes and the association of different demographic and reproductive risk factors with cervical pre-cancer and cancer. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out at the colposcopy clinic of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) between January 2010 and December 2016. Results: A total 16147 women attended the colposcopy clinic of BSMMU with VIA positive reports. Among them, 65.73% women were referred from different VIA centers of Dhaka district. Mean age of marriage of the subjects was 16. 93 ( ± 1) and mean age of 1st delivery was 18.45 years ( ± 4.10). Almost three-fourth of them were married before 18 years and had their 1st delivery by 20 years. Colposcopy examination of the VIA positive women revealed that 36.7% had CINI, 10.6% had CINII/ III and 7.1% had carcinoma of cervix. Considering CIN as disease the Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV and NPV of colposcopy were found 99.7%, 75.3%, 70.3% and 99.8% respectively. On other hand considering CIN2+ as disease the Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV and NPV of colposcopy were found 73.8%, 92.7%, 64.4% and 95.2% respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that higher age (p=0.000), lower level of education (p=0.007), lower socioeconomic status (p=0.014), higher parity (p=0.001) had individual influence on cervical pre-cancer and cancer. Conclusions: This study indicated higher age, low level of education, lower socio-economic condition and higher parity as most important socio-demographic factors for developing cervical pre-cancer and cancer in Bangladesh.
Introduction: Birth weight is a reliable index of intra-uterine growth and a major factordetermining child survival, future physical growth and mental development.Objectives: The present study was designed to explore the association of maternalserum as well as cord serum vitamin A level with birth weight.Materials and Methods: This prospective randomized study was carried out in Maternityand Child Health Training Institute (MCHTI), Azimpur, Dhaka during the period fromJanuary to July, 2002 on 100 healthy pregnant mothers of 38-40 weeks of gestationand on 100 new born babies born to these mothers.Results: Mean birth weight was 2804 gm (±43.1) with a range of 1600-3900 gm. Cordserum vitamin A level was 583 (±1.73) μg/dl with a range of 4.9-102.04 μg/dl, whilematernal serum vitamin A level was 53.5μg/dl (±1.5) with a range of 17.2-89.2 μg/dl.Newborn having birth weight ≥ 2500gm was found to have higher level of maternalserum vitamin A than the newborn having weight <2500gm, (54.5±1.6 μg/dl vs 49.4±3.04μg/dl, p=.06) but the difference was not statistically significant. There was no significantdifference in cord serum vitamin A level between two groups of newborn (57.8±2.06μg/dl vs. 60.2±2.03 μg/dl, p=.2).Key words: Vitamin A concentration; birth weight.DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v33i2.5676Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2009; Vol.33(2): 46-49
DOI: 10.3329/bjpath.v25i1.4127Bangladesh J Pathol 25(1): 18-22
A significant increase in incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has been noticed in recent decades worldwide. This is due to advances in medical surveillance, increased use of ancillary tests, and a minor component due to over diagnosis of PTC. Follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) is the second most common variant of PTC and comprises about 23-41%. It is difficult to diagnose histologically when the distinctive nuclear features are either not well developed or present focally within the lesion. Several immunohistochemical markers (CD56, HMCK, GAL3, HBME-1 and CK19) either alone or combined in panels can be used to improve diagnostic accuracy. This study was aimed to differentiate FVPTC from other follicular patterned lesion of thyroid by histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). A total of 50 histologically diagnosed cases of thyroid neoplasm were studied. The neoplastic cases included 40 cases of follicular variant papillary carcinoma (FVPC), 04 classic papillary carcinoma (PTC), 04 follicular carcinoma and 02 follicular adenoma. All cases were evaluated by IHC for the expression of CD56 and CK19 antibody. In case of FVPTC (n=40), 21 cases (52.5%) were CK19 positive and CD56 negative as expected. Both markers were found positive in 06 (15%) cases and CD56+ alone was found positive in 11 (27.5%) cases of FVPTC, and a finding that goes against the diagnosis of FVPTC. The histopathological slides of these cases were reviewed and findings were recorded. All cases (n=4) of classic PTC were CK19 positive and 03 (75%) cases were found CD56 negative. Diagnoses of thyroid follicular lesions are primarily based on histological and cytomorphological criteria. However, there was a subset of follicular patterned tumors like FVPTC which lack unequivocal features of malignancy. Immunohistochemistry can improve diagnostic accuracy but needs additional studies for controversial cases. It may be considered these lesions as differentiated tumor of uncertain malignant potential (WDT-UMP) to avoid the using term carcinoma. Additional studies are needed for establishing more precise morphologic criteria and for identifying useful markers for differentiating benign from borderline or malignant thyroid lesions.
Background: Now a day's determination of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER-2/neu expression pattern by immunohistochemistry in invasive breast cancer have become the standard procedure for breast cancer management.Objective: To see the expression pattern of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER-2/neu in Bangladeshi women with invasive breast carcinoma.Method: This cross sectional study was performed in 87 cases of invasive breast cancer. Estrogen receptor (ER), Progesterone receptor (PR) and HER-2/neu expression pattern were assessed by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies for detecting estrogen and progesterone receptors, and polyclonal antibody for detecting HER-2/neu.Results: All the cases were graded according to Bloom-Richardson grading system. Of those, Grade I tumour was 18 (20.69%), Grade II tumour was 58 (66.67%) and Grade III tumour was 11(12.64%). Both ER and PR positive reactivity were same and it was found 65 (74.71%) and HER-2/neu reactivity pattern were found negative in 59 (67.82%) cases and positive in 28 (32.18%) cases. A statistically significant correlation was found between the expression of ER and low grade tumour (p=0.011) and combined estrogen and progesterone receptor positive reactivity with low grade tumour (p=0.002).Conclusion: ER, PR and HER-2/neu expression do not correlated with each other, so it is recommended that each test should be independently determined by immunohistochemistry in all cases of invasive breast cancer. All equivocal cases of HER-2/neu (score 2+) should be analyzed by FISH technique to find out the percentage of real score.KYAMC Journal Vol. 5, No.-1, Jul 2014, Page 436-443
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