Background/Objectives Memory impairment (MI) and epilepsy go hand in hand, mainly in conditions of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). This disease comorbidity has been reported to worsen upon treatment. Hence this study aims to evaluate the extent of aggravating effect of phenytoin (PHT) at normal and reduced doses on MI associated with TLE and additionally assesses the protective effect of levetiracetam (LEV) on these adverse effects.
Methods Swiss albino mice of either sex (n = 36) were used for this study in which seizures were induced by intraperitoneal administration of pilocarpine (300 mg/kg i.p.) followed by evaluation of antiepileptic activity by technique of Racine's scale for convulsive scores. Errors (a factor denoting MI) were assessed using radial arm maze. Finally brain biochemical measures of acetylcholinesterase and glutamate along with cresyl violet staining and estimation of total neuronal number of the hippocampus were performed.
Results Exacerbation of MI by PHT was observed, where the extent of MI was found to be lesser in the reduced dose approach (PHTR: 28.50 ± 1.03; p ≤ 0.05). However, this tactic in dose reduction was interfered with the antiepileptic potential of the drug. Attenuation of MI upon combining with LEV, without an interference in the principal treatment, was observed equally in the behavioral and brain aspects of the study (PHTN + LEV: 1.33 ± 0.33 and PHTR + LEV: 1.00 ± 0.17; p ≤ 0.05).
Conclusions The promising effects of LEV could thus aid in proposing a new management remedy for TLE to minimize the adverse effect associated with it.
Memory impairment is the major concern of antiepileptic therapy. This study was undertaken to evaluate the memory impairment potential of Pregabalin (PGBL)
A life-threatening parasitic infection arising in evolving countries, principally prevalent in children below 5 years and pregnant women, has led to the growing interest for understanding the condition acknowledged as geohelminthiasis. Decreased cell-mediated immunity (a necessity in fetal retention) leading to a compromised immunological response is what makes pregnant women more prone to the infection thereby increasing the risk of maternal anemia, preterm deliveries and stillbirths based on reports. An outcome of geohelminthiasis on children is its deteriorative effect on cognition. This chapter highlights the relationship between the helminthic infection with respect to pregnant women and children additionally focusing on other associated factors such as poverty, hygiene, etc. that further contribute to the decline in quality of life in developing countries.
Often misdiagnosed as liver cancer at first, the Alveolar hydatid disease or hepatic alveolar echinococcosis is an uncommon but potentially harmful variant of the disease also synonymously known as Echinococcus multilocularis (E. Multilocularis). The major area being drastically affected is the liver, from where its later advances into the lung and brain, typically fatal if left untreated. Even if surgery is still the recommended course of treatment for the condition, drug therapy cannot be thwarted off and remains essential and vital for individuals with disease extremity. This chapter therefore aims to present a framework through which FDA-approved drugs and nano drug delivery technologies collaborate to manage progressive hepatic alveolar echinococcosis.
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