This study was conducted to estimate carbon stock along altitudinal gradient of Sekele-Mariam dry Afromontane forest, NorthWestern Ethiopia. A systematic random sampling was employed to collect tree/shrub diameter and height, litter and soil data. A total of 60 plots with 50m*50m size each with nested plot (1m*1m) size for litter and soil were laid on the transect line. Diameter at breast height (DBH) of trees/shrubs with DBH ≥ 5cm and height were measured. Carbon stock was estimated using allometric equation and soil organic carbon was analyzed in the laboratory following Walkley Black method. The result of this study revealed that Sekele-Mariam forest had stored a total of 185.71 ton carbon/ha within its aboveground, belowground, litter biomasses and soil. The higher carbon stock in all carbon pools was found at the higher altitudinal range (2395-2460 m a.s.l.). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) result indicated that carbon stock between altitudinal gradient was not significant. The study area had smaller stock of carbon in its biomass and therefore, better forest conservation and management are the best strategy to enhance the carbon stock of the study area.
Little is known on wild animal threats and their relative severity in most biospheres reserves of Ethiopia. This study was conducted during the period of May 2015 to June 2015 and was aimed at documenting relative severity of current threats of Yayu Biosphere Reserve, Southwestern Ethiopia. One hundred farmers in and around Yayu biosphere reserve were interviewed. The most relatively severe threat factors were conversation of land use, deforestation and degradation, grazing, firewood and investments. This study evaluates the degree of pressure and threats from human activities on wild animal in Yayu biosphere reserve. Five Kebeles of Yayu biosphere reserve were randomly selected as representative sample sites, namely Achebo, Wabo, Bondewo, Geji, and Witaetia. Primary data was collected through rapid assessment and prioritization of biosphere reserve designed through semistructure questionnaire, recommended for evaluation of management effectiveness of biosphere reserve. All sites of biosphere reserves were severely threatened by logging, unsustainable use demand and exploitation of natural resource by the local communities surrounding the biosphere. Thus, these findings emphasize the biogeographical importance of this biosphere reserve within the Biodiversity Hotspot, and the need for more study. With increasing human encroachment at its doorstep, it is time for policy makers to upgrade this reserve to a higher level of protection.
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