The AM is defined by the National Information Standards Organization as: "The version of a journal article that has been accepted for publication in a journal."This means the version that has been through peer review and been accepted by a journal editor. When you receive the acceptance email from the Editorial Office we recommend that you retain this article for future posting.Embargoes apply if you are posting the AM to an institutional or subject repository, or to academic social networks such as Mendeley, ResearchGate, or Academia.edu. give for undertaking a PhD; here we extend the discussion to explore research degree candidates' motivations across all faculties. The aim of our study was to identify the factors that motivate students to undertake HDRs, and also to attempt to establish what role undergraduate experiences of research might play in this decision-making.A handful of recent studies have focused on motivations to undertake HDRs in specific disciplines, with a particular emphasis in the areas of Education and Business (see Table 1). university, but it is likely that there will also be other motivating factors for different subsets in the STEM fields. While we might think we know why students decide to embark on an HDR, there is little systematically gathered, empirical evidence to determine whether or not these assumptions are in fact correct for students in recent years from a broader range of disciplines.• Entry to academia • Professional development • Professional advancement • Entry to new career • Self-enrichment Business (Professional Doctorate) USA Stiber (2000) • Personal satisfaction • Preparation for teaching • Marketability for consulting •Unlike the studies listed above, our research was conducted across all faculties in a comprehensive Australian research-intensive university. The results of our study are reflective of the HDR candidate population across all faculties, rather than being focussed mainly on Education or Business as in existing studies. We did not distinguish between types of HDR in the current study. The Survey Questionnaire DevelopmentTo the best of our knowledge, there is no relevant questionnaire readily available aimed at identifying motivations behind students pursuing postgraduate research.Therefore, we used a deductive approach, sometimes described as logical partitioning (Hinkin, 1998), to generate the initial set of questions. In a deductive approach it is assumed that the theoretical foundation provides enough information to generate the initial set of questions. For this, firstly a literature review (summarized in Table 1) was executed in order to identify the main domains which motivated postgraduate research students to become researchers, initially categorized as general motivations and undergraduate experiences. However, it was not expected that these domains would necessarily emerge as distinct factors in the data analysis. Questionnaire items were based primarily on the literature review; then, in order to assure content validity and face validity, i...
Context: Software security patch management purports to support the process of patching known software security vulnerabilities. Patching security vulnerabilities in large and complex systems is a hugely challenging process that involves multiple stakeholders making several interdependent technological and socio-technical decisions. Given the increasing recognition of the importance of software security patch management, it is important and timely to systematically review and synthesise the relevant literature of this topic.Objective: This paper reports our work aimed at systematically reviewing the state of the art of software security patch management to identify the socio-technical challenges in this regard, reported solutions (i.e., approaches and associated tools, and practices), the rigour of the evaluation and the industrial relevance of the reported solutions, and to identify the gaps for the future research. Method:We conducted a systematic literature review of 72 studies on software security patch management published from 2002 to March 2020, with extended coverage until September 2020 through forward snowballing.Results: We identify 14 key socio-technical challenges in security patch management with 6 common challenges encountered throughout the process. Similarly, we provide a classification of the reported solutions mapped onto the patch management process. The analysis also reveals that only 20.8% of the reported solutions have been rigorously evaluated in industrial settings. Conclusion:Our results reveal that a two-thirds of the common challenges have not been directly addressed in the solutions and that most of them (37.5%) address the challenges in one stage of the process, namely vulnerability scanning, assessment and prioritisation. Based on the results that highlight the important concerns in software security patch management and the lack of solutions, we recommend a list of future research directions. This research study also provides useful insights about different opportunities for practitioners to adopt new solutions and understand the variations of their practical utility.
Multimorbidity is the presence of more than one chronic disease condition in an individual. Health-related, socioeconomic, cultural and environmental factors, as well as patient behaviour, all influence the outcomes of multimorbidity. Addressing these complex and often interacting biopsychosocial factors therefore requires a shift in treatment from a physical damage model towards person-centred integrated care with increased patient agency. Education influences behaviour and can be used to empower patients and their carers with greater agency, thus allowing greater responsibility for and control over the management of patient care. In this paper we reflect on our own learning as a community of health practitioners from different disciplines. Recognizing the increasing importance of patient agency in driving the evolution of health care, we describe the concept of a web-based personal digital health hub for integrated patient care. Informed by collaboration between patient, health and education communities, we share our early experience in the implementation of a health hub around a cohort of patients with hip fractures. We also describe a vision for future health care based on the co-creation of digital health hubs centred on patients’ and carers’ needs. The health hub could allow important advances and efficiencies to be achieved in workforce practice and education; patient and carer engagement in self-care; and the collection of patient-reported health data required for ongoing research and improvements in health care.
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