Background: Diabetic wound is a major socioeconomic debilitating problem in this society. Various treatment options are available but still it requires better treatment option. In diabetes mellitus the oxygenation to the tissues is reduced. In this study effects of low level laser therapy were compared with topical application of Streptococcus thermophilus on diabetic wounds that induces formation of new blood vessel and free radical scavenging system, a comparative study to get better treatment option for diabetic wounds.Methods: 18 male rats were selected and divided randomly into three groups. Diabetes was induced in all the rats by using the Alloxan monohydrate at a dose of 120mg/kg of the body weight. Group A was treated with normal saline, group B was treated with low level laser therapy and group C was treated with Streptococcus thermophilus topically. Skin tissues were collected on day three and seven, slides were prepared for microscopic examination to observe the new blood vessels formation.Results: Mean number of new blood vessel formation was observed in group B compared with group A and C. Significant vasculogenesis was seen in group B when treated with Low level laser therapy.Conclusions: In the group of low level laser therapy new blood vessel formation was seen with better wound healing. It means LLLT provides better oxygenation to the tissues by generation of new blood vessels compared with Streptococcus thermophilus and normal saline.
Background: Wound treatment still a task for medical professionals, according to the time advancement. We need to elaborate further new interventions to cope up this common factor of community. The objective of the study was to assess the anti-inflammatory topical role of Lactobacillus acidophilus with antibiotic in wound repair of rats based on of microscopic parameters. This comparative study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy Al-Tibri Medical Collage and Hospital Isra University Karachi Campus from December 2018 to April 2019.Methods: Total 18 male of wistar rats were randomly selected for this study. The study comprised of three topical groups Control, Antibiotic and Lactobacillus acidophilus groups respectively.Results: The samples were taken from the wound site for the preparation of microscopic slides, to count the numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages for the evaluation of anti-inflammatory process in both groups on day 3 and 7. Data obtained were analyzed by SPSS version 20 by applying One Way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s test.Conclusions: The results were shown potent anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus group in comparison with other conventional therapy. The study concludes that the topical application of Lactobacillus acidophilus had remarkable anti-inflammatory effects in wound management.
Methodology: Sixty four adult albino rats were obtained from animal house Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre for the study and divided into 2 groups. Group A received injection normal saline 1 cc intraperitoneally (IP) daily for 8 weeks. Group B received lead chloride in a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight IP daily. On the day of completion of treatment the animals were sacrificed testes along with epididymis removed and place in Petri dish. The length, breath and width of testes were measured with help of vernier caliper. The spermatozoa were obtained from cauda epididymis. Results: The mean ± SEM of volume testes in group A and B after eight week of treatment were 0.77142 ± 0.04778 cm 3 & 0.11768 ± 0.01673 cm 3 respectively. The volume of testes of group B was significantly decreased as compare to group B (P = 0.000). Mean ±. The mean ± SEM number of sperm cells million / ml in groups A and B after eight week of treatment was 7.65 ± 186706.553 & 1.84 ± 132792.770 respectively. Number of sperms in group B were significantly decreased as compared to group A (P = 0.000). Conclusion: There was relationship between volume of testes and male fertility.
Objectives: Evaluate the antioxidant effects of Virgin Coconut Oil and Corn Oil in Phenytoin induced toxicity of seminiferous tubules in rats. Study Design: Experimental study. Setting: Al-Tibri Medical College and Hospital, Period: November 2019 to May 2020. Material & Methods: 48 male albino rats (weighing between 150-250gms) were selected based on a randomized sampling technique and divided into four groups, 12 rats per group and euthanized on the 4th, 5th, and 6th week of the study. Group A control, B was given Phenytoin, C received phenytoin +virgin coconut oil, and D received Phenytoin + corn oil once daily for six weeks. The sample of sperm was taken from epididymal fluid and counted by using the Neubauer chamber. The data was analyzed through SPSS version 21.0. Mean values were compared through the application of One way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's test. P-value was considered significant <0.05. Results: In Group B, there was a significant decrease in spermatozoa count due to Phenytoin induced toxicity. At the same time, there was a considerable restoration in the number of spermatozoa in group C compared to D. Conclusion: In Group B, there was a significant decrease in spermatozoa count due to Phenytoin induced toxicity of seminiferous tubules, and those animals received the virgin coconut oil along with phenytoin help in the restoration of numbers of spermatozoa as compared to group D. Virgin coconut oil showed significant antioxidant role in comparison with corn oil.
Objective: To determine the correlation between levels of stress with level of empathy in all five years of undergraduate medical students of a private medical college in Pakistan. Methods: This descriptive correlation study was conducted at Al Tibri Medical College, Karachi from 15th June to 14th November 2021. Of the 500 students in the medical school, 408 participants filled out the questionnaires through online Google Forms. The student’s version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE-S) estimated the self-reported student’s empathy levels. At the same time, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was utilized to assess the student’s levels of stress. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 and correlation between empathy and perceived stress was calculated by Pearson’s coefficient. A p-value <.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 408 participants, there were 217(53.2%) males, and 191(46.8%) females. The overall mean JSE-S score was 94.60±11.85, and the mean PSS score was 20.20 ±5.70. Empathy scores improved over the basic sciences years and then significantly decreased in the clinical years of medical college with a significant p-value of .019. The highest stress was present in third year medical students with a p-value of <.001. No statistically significant difference was present between empathy and stress levels (r = 0.04, p = .40). Conclusions: The study showed no statistically significant correlation between empathy and stress. Future research is needed to investigate other main factors for the decline in empathy among medical students. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.7211 How to cite this: Rafi S, Andrades M, Naz R, Jiskani A. Correlation between levels for stress with level of empathy in undergraduate medical students. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.7211 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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