The peripheral nerve injury after trauma is a common occurrence in both human and veterinary medicine and has severe consequences for the survival and quality of life of the patients. Despite the continuous eforts and the creation of diverse medical and surgical techniques, the harmful efects of this type of injury are far from being overcome. Regenerative medicine has been growing in the scientiic milieu as a new therapeutic approach for diferent situations. Among the cell-based therapies explored, the mesenchymal stem cells are evidenced by their features, versatility and potential applications. The olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells, components of the olfactory system and identiied in the lamina propria, were newly identiied and are still undergoing characterization, appearing as a new promise in the regenerative therapy of several tissues but with special emphasis on the nervous system in general and the peripheral nervous system in particular, for which they appear to have special regenerative aptitude.