The report presents modern views on the “third mobile window syndrome”, starting with the anatomical and physiological features of the inner ear function, both in normal conditions and in the presence of an additional opening in the bony labyrinth, which changes the hydrodynamic resistance of fluid flow in the perilymphatic space. Characteristic symptoms and modern views (sometimes hypothesis) on the causes of its occurrence are described in detail. Attention focused on diagnostic methods at the outpatient and clinical conditions of a highly specialized department. The latest data on the modern classification of this syndrome and the conclusions of the consensus of the International Barani Society in 2021 are presented. Own series with a detailed description of the features of each case, illustration of the audiometric and tomographic images and successful results of surgical treatment are presented. In the conclusions, the attention of practicing doctors is focused on the signs of the “third mobile window syndrome” which can be detected at the outpatient service – pressure or sound-induced vertigo, bone conduction hyperacusis, and pulsatile tinnitus.
Introduction: Mesenchymal multipotent stromal cells (mesenchymal stem cells-MSCs) are currently the most promising and widely used means of cell therapy. Common sources for obtaining them are bone marrow and adipose tissue, but now the umbilical cord and placenta are gaining more and more popularity, since the cells isolated from them have a number of advantages over other sources. Aim: To study the peculiarities of human umbilical cord MSCs influence of on the regeneration of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity in experimentally induced atrophy. Materials and methods: 30 laboratory mice were observed, which divided into two experimental groups (10 animals each) and control group (10 mice). Clinical and morphological studies were perfoemed 1 and 2 months after the development of atrophic rhinitis. Results: Umbilical cords were obtained after timely delivery, chopped into small fragments and cultured in the appropriate nutrient medium with all supplements known for MSCs. MSCs migrated from the pieces, formed colonies, and after the formation of a 70-80% confluent layer, they were detached from the surface in the usual way and transferred to new vials. This procedure was performed twice, after which the cells were characterized by surface markers (positive and negative for MSCs) and used for administration to model animals. Atrophic rhinitis in mice was developed using 3 pathogenic strains of Pasteruella and confirmed by clinical and morphological characteristics. MSCs (characterized, at the 2nd passage) were injected intravenously (1×106 per mouse) and experimental animals were observed for 2 months. The clinical condition of the animals was examined once a week. After the end of the experiment, a postmortem morphological study was performed. Clinical and morphological data showed positive effect of transplantation of human umbilical cord MSCs for nasal mucosa regeneration in mice compared to untreated controls.
Aim: study the anatomical features of the upper respiratory tract in patients with ronchopathy of varying degrees of clinical manifestations. Materials and methods: 60 patients with persistent snoring were under supervision. They were divided into four clinical groups depending on the degree of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. All patients underwent clinical and instrumental examination, which included cardio-respiratory monitoring and MRI examination of the upper respiratory tract. Results: In the comparative analysis of results of clinical studies of the upper respiratory tract of patients with and without obstructive sleeping apnea, there was a statistically significant narrowing of the retroglossal space in 45,7% and 16%, respectively. In the analysis of morphometric parameters of the upper respiratory tract in patients with sleep-disordered breathing of varying severity, there was a narrowing of the retropalatinal and retroglossal lumens of the pharynx due to the increase in the soft palate and tongue with its dislocation posteriorly. It is stated that more pronounced narrowing of the lumen of the upper respiratory tract leads to respiratory disorders during sleeping. The most severe manifestation of respiration deterioration during sleeping were observed in the narrowing of the upper respiratory tract at several levels.
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