Following primary stapes surgery, a postoperative ABG of 10 dB or less and a postoperative gain in AC exceeding 20 dB may be predicted with accuracies of 62.1% and 80.1%, respectively. Clinicians can use this information to inform patients more explicitly about expected postoperative audiometric results.

Lower memory self-efficacy and quality of life, deterioration in daily functioning, and worries due to a positive family history for dementia are factors that determine why subjects with SMC seek medical attention. This information may be useful for the development of interventions for these subjects.

ObjectiveIn the treatment of bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) patients, there is discussion about the management of the position of the premaxilla. This literature analysis summarises the literature on managing this condition.Materials and methodsA PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library search was conducted resulting in 4465 articles which were screened on title and abstract.ResultsSeventy-one articles were available in full text, 16 of which were included in this literature analysis. We searched on keywords timing and technique, complications, growth of the maxilla and results after bone grafting the alveolar process. This literature analysis has shown that there are various ways to correct the position of the premaxilla. These can be divided into primary, early, late secondary and tertiary intervention before the age of 8 years, between the ages of 8 and 12 years and older than 12 years. Correction is done with surgery, orthodontics or a combination, with or without bone grafting.ConclusionsAn osteotomy of the premaxilla in combination with secondary alveolar bone grafting appears to be the most successful technique. Combining early secondary alveolar bone grafting with osteotomy creates more room to ensure a watertight closure of the nasal mucosa resulting in fewer postoperative complications. Before surgery, the orthodontist should try to optimise the position of the premaxilla for its surgical correction prior to bone grafting.Clinical relevanceThe treatment of BCLP patients is still based on experience and expert opinions. This literature analysis tries to give a summery on how to handle the protruded and displaced premaxilla.

Preoperative CT has little to add in establishing otosclerosis and may not be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. We would recommend reserving CT for those patients with suspected additional abnormalities, for specific preoperative planning, or out of legal necessity.

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