Abstract:We show that there is a link between the Kuramoto paradigm and another system of synchronized oscillators, namely an electrical power distribution grid of generators and consumers. The purpose of this work is to show both the formal analogy and some practical consequences. The mapping can be made quantitative, and under some necessary approximations a class of Kuramoto-like models, those with bimodal distribution of the frequencies, is most appropriate for the power-grid. In fact in the power-grid there are two kinds of oscillators: the "sources" delivering power to the "consumers".
Abstract-As an increasing amount of converter-based generation on power electronics is connected to power systems, transmission system operators (TSOs) are revising the grid connection requirements to streamline the connectivity of the devices to maintain security of supply. Converter-based generation can behave significantly different from the traditional alternators under grid faults. In order to evaluate the potential impact of future converter-based power systems on protective relays, it is necessary to consider diverse current control strategies of voltage source converters (VSC) under unbalanced faults as the performance of converters primarily depends on their control objectives. In this paper, current control strategies of VSC under unbalanced faults for short circuit power provision are reviewed in two groups, namely power-characteristic-oriented and voltage-support-oriented control strategy respectively. As the fault current provided by converters should be restricted within secure operation limits considering semiconductor capabilities, converter current limit issue is also discussed.
An economically efficient day-ahead tariff (DT) is proposed with the purpose of preventing the distribution grid congestion resulting from electric vehicle (EV) charging scheduled on a dayahead basis. The DT concept developed herein is derived from the locational marginal price (LMP), in particular the congestion cost component of the LMP. A step-wise congestion management structure has been developed whereby the distribution system operator (DSO) predicts congestion for the coming day and publishes DTs prior to the clearing of the day-ahead market. EV fleet operators (FOs) optimize their EV charging schedules with respect to the predicted day-ahead prices and the published DTs, thereby avoiding congestion while still minimizing the charging cost. A Danish 400V distribution network is used to carry out case studies to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed concept for the prevention of distribution grid congestion from EV charging. The case study results show that the concept is successful in a number of situations, most notably a system over-load of 155% can be successfully alleviated on the test distribution network.
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